推荐回答(3个)
蛇是变温动物,体温随着四季气温的变化而变化的,体内的代谢率和活动也与体温变化息息相关。体温高时,代谢率高,活动频繁;体温低时,代谢率低,活动减弱。一般地说,从春末到初冬,是蛇类活动的黄金季节,特别是在骄阳似火的夏季和天高气爽的金秋,蛇类活动最为活跃,经常到处流窜,昼夜寻找食物,俗话说"七横八吊九缠树",形象地说明了7、8、9这三个月是蛇类活动的高峰期。但是蛇类喜热也是有一定限度的,尤其是在炎夏的酷暑,它们喜欢在树荫、草丛、溪旁等阴凉场所生活栖息。从秋季到冬季,随着气温的逐渐下降,蛇体内的代谢随之降低,当它的生理活动减慢到一定水平后,就逐渐进入到"冬眠"期。一般的毒蛇从11月下旬就已经开始不吃不喝,不蜕皮,相继入洞冬眠了,这时它们往往是几十条甚至成百条群集在位于高燥处的洞穴里或树洞里蛰伏过冬。待到翌年春暖花开,冰消雪融时,才从蛰伏状态中苏醒过来,并重新开始一年新的生活。从人洞到冬眠期大约需要三个月时间,主要依赖以脂肪形式贮藏在体内的营养物质进行缓慢的补充来维持其最低限度的生活营养料。
毒蛇依其昼夜活动情况不同,可分为三类:第一类是喜欢在白天活动的,称为昼行性蛇类。如眼镜蛇、眼镜王蛇等。第二类是怕强光,喜欢在白天隐伏,夜间活动的,称为夜行性蛇类。如金环蛇、银环蛇、烙铁头等。第三类为喜欢在光线较弱的情况下活动的(多在晚上及阴雨白天活动,耐寒性强),称晨昏性蛇类。如五步蛇、蝮蛇等。蛇类活动受温度的影响要比受光线的影响要大得多。如昼行性的眼镜蛇,在十分炎热的夏天,经常在夜间出现;晨昏性的蝮蛇在低温天气,常在中午前后阳光充足时出没,而夜间活动得很少。通常,蛇类活动较适宜的温度是20-30℃之间,其活动的最适宜温度为10℃-35℃。更有趣的是,生活在热带的蛇不单在冬季"冬眠",而且在炎热干旱的夏季亦需进行"休眠",动物学上称之为"夏眠"。为什么蛇要进行"夏眠"呢,原来,当热带炎热干旱的季节到来时,由于长时间不下雨,池塘、湖泊可能全部干涸,蛇和壁虎、鳄鱼、肺鱼以及草原中的龟类等动物一样,赖于生存的条件已变得不利。为了适应外界环境使之能继续生存下去,它们便转入"地下",深居简出,不食不动,进入"夏眠"状态,以求能度过炎热干旱的夏季。
只有了解各种蛇类的活动规律和生活习性,才能把蛇养殖好,并能预防毒蛇咬伤于未然。
蛇的生活习性复杂。
蛇类喜欢栖息在温度适宜、离水不远、隐蔽条件好、阴暗潮湿、食物丰富的地方,如灌木丛中、草丛或山地森林树上、沟边等,捕食方便和隐蔽良好的环境中,多以洞穴为安身之地。
蛇对周围温度反应敏感。蛇是变温动物,气温13~30℃适合蛇类生活,20~30℃活动频繁,13℃以下,找温暖场所冬眠,30℃以上寻找阴凉地方或到水中洗澡。空气相对湿度保持50%以上为宜。
蛇属昼伏夜出动物,但遇阴雨闷热天气,气温超过30℃以上,相对湿度在80%以上时,白天也偶然出来活动或栖于洞口处乘凉。
初夏天气晴朗,气温15~18℃时,蛇也喜欢在中午出来短时间晒晒太阳。其他时间白天出来的蛇,多是公蛇或体弱的蛇,有病的蛇。
夏天暴雨之后,晚上蛇出洞的最多,几乎全部出洞活动。
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