推荐回答(5个)
茶花喜欢偏酸性的土壤,适宜的温度是18到25度,茶花是半阴性花卉,对于光热的要求不是很高,但是在花芽分化前我们还是要给它充足的光照以促进花苞的形成。
1、土壤:四季茶花对土壤的要求颇高,一般其土质含腐殖质较高,PH值为5~6.5之间,偏微酸性,其最佳的土壤配置为山泥土50%、木屑或食用菌渣40%、饼肥粉或牲畜粪和磷肥粉10%。
2、光照:四季茶花忌强光,种植的时候一定要注意阳光,春季和秋季的时候要求光照充足,但夏季一定要避开被阳光直射,只要被强光照射太久就很容易死亡。
3、温度:四季茶花不耐寒也不耐暑,其最适宜的温度为18~25度,所以要求环境温度不能太高和太低,不然都会影响其生长,冬季室内温度必须在3度以上,如果低于0度就会冻伤。
4、浇水:四季茶花喜欢湿润的环境,不能太干,不能太湿,也不能时干时湿,春季可以多浇水,夏季要早晚两次均浇水,秋季和春季一样,冬季最好是在植物前后浇水。
5、施肥:四季茶花比较喜肥,但是施肥也有个度,千万不能太多,一般在开花后的近半年间施肥约3次,冬季施肥一次就可以了,为了使得花朵更加的靓丽,最好肥料中多放磷肥。
6、修剪:四季茶花的修剪非常的重要,一般是将影响树形的树枝枝和病、弱枝剪掉,还有花蕾的整理,一旦花蕾过于密集,也要进行梳理,花朵凋谢后也要及时摘取,可减少养分的消耗。
7、翻盆:四季茶花一般每两年就要翻盆一次,换一个大盆才有利于它的生长,翻盆的时间最好是在4月份,不要把旧土全部去掉,还要往里面加入少量的基肥,然后进行浇水。
8、病虫:四季茶花很容易生病,常见的主要有黑霉病、炭疽病两种病,这时只需要喷洒0.5度波尔多液,害虫主要是茶梢蛾,这时主要剪除虫梢就可以了。
栽培管理茶花栽培有露地栽培和盆栽两种。
1.露地栽培常在我国长江以南温暖地区露地栽植。栽植地应
选择半荫,通风良好,土壤肥沃、疏松、富含腐殖质,排水良好(pH值5.7)的场地。全年均可进行栽植,但以秋季最为适宜。栽植时,应尽可能带士球移植,上球直径为树下直径的6~10倍,高度为土球直径的1/3~l/2。挖一个直径比植株根部土球大2倍以上的浅坑,深度为土球厚度的2倍,在坑中间筑一个平台,将土球放于平台上,使土球上部高出地表面,将混有基肥的土填入坑中,边填土,边夯实,填土后,外围留一土圈,以利灌水。
2.盆栽盆栽宜在北方寒冷地区或土质较差地区进行。花盆宜选透气、透水性强的素烧盆。宜选叶片小,生长慢的品种。花盆的大小与植株大小要适当,不宜过大或过小。盆土宜疏松、肥沃、排水良好的微酸性壤土。上盆一年四季均可,最好在秋季进行。先在盆底孔倒扣一瓦片,在盆底铺一层粗砂,将植株放入盆内正中,一手扶植株,一手填土,盆土不宜过满,留2~3cm的浇水处。栽好后用喷壶喷透水。一般每2~3年换盆一次,换盆时结合剪除病根、枯根、伤根及过长根。
3.浇水茶花浇水用水最好是雨水或雪水,如用自来水需放在缸内存放2~3天方可使用,用水的pH值宜在5.5~6.5之间。茶花浇水应见干见湿,保持土壤湿润.在孕蕾及开花期,要适当控制水分,使土壤偏干一些,以利营养生长,在冬季休眠时亦应控制浇水。浇水温度最好与室内气温或土温相近时进行,以防过寒过热,对茶花根部有过强刺激,因而应掌握浇水时间,冬季浇水应在中午,夏季应在早晚进行。
4.施肥茶花旋肥以有机肥为主,辅以化肥。4至5月中旬,在春梢生长期,适当追施氮肥,在以后花芽分化期,追施磷、钾肥。夏季生长基本停止,不施肥或少施肥,秋季追施低氮高磷、钾肥料,冬季施基肥,以利明年萌芽开花。每次施肥要结合浇水。
5.温度、湿度茶花生长适温为18~25℃,极限高温为30-35℃,极限低温为0~5℃。温度偏高时,可以采用加强通风,遮荫,喷水等方式降温。冬季温度偏低时,可以包扎,设置风障,盆栽的移放室内。茶花要求空气相对湿度为60%-80%,低于50%则生长不良。
6.光照茶花忌烈日,喜半荫,因而炎热夏季,应给予遮荫,喷水,通风等,若温度超过35℃,则易出现日灼,叶片枯萎,翻卷,生长不良。
8.整形修剪合理的整形修剪可使树形美观,枝叶茂密,改善树冠通风采光条件,减少病虫害发生,调节营养生长与生殖生长的平衡,保证植株生长健壮,花大而艳丽
茶花喜阳需要增加光照,另外容易生病需要及时修剪和喷药
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