人们用“沉鱼落雁,闭月羞花”指代中国古代四大美女,其中“沉鱼”指的是
推荐回答(5个)
西施(沉鱼)
春秋战国时期,越国有一个叫西施的,今浙江诸暨人,姓施名夷光
别名西子,是个浣纱的女子,五官端正,粉面桃花,相貌过人。她在河边浣纱时,清澈的河水映照她俊俏的身影,使她显得更加美丽,这时,鱼儿看见她的倒影,忘记了游水,渐渐地沉到河底。从此,西施这个“沉鱼”的代称,在附近流传开来。
王昭君(落雁)
王昭君名嫱,西汉南郡(今兴山县)宝坪村人西汉元帝时期人氏,从小长得艳若桃花,聪明伶俐。清代诗人赞她:“飘飘秀色夺仙春,只恐丹青画不真”,“娥眉绝色不可寻,能使花羞在上林”。出神入化地活脱出昭君的美容与神采。 昭君有“落雁”之姿,传说昭君出塞时满腹愁怀,为抒解思乡之情,便在马背上弹起了琵琶。曲哀人艳,连南飞的大雁都为之倾倒,以至放弃飞行,落在昭君的周围。“落雁”故此而来。 范晔《后汉书》有如下记载:昭君字嫱,南郡人也。初,元帝时,以良家子选入掖庭。时呼韩邪来朝,帝敕以宫女五人赐之。昭君入宫数岁,不得见御,积悲怨,乃请掖庭令求行。呼韩邪临辞大会,帝召五女以示之。昭君丰容靓饰,光明汉宫,顾景裴回,竦动左右。帝见大惊,意欲留之,而难于失信,遂与匈奴。
貂蝉(闭月)
貂蝉,任姓,小字红昌,出生在并州郡九原来县木耳村,15岁被选入宫中。汉末宫廷风云骤起时,貂蝉出宫被汉献帝的大臣司徒王允收为义女。当时,董卓专权,挟天子以令诸侯,大臣们敢怒而不敢言。王允的义女貂蝉在后花园拜月时,忽然轻风吹来,一块浮云将那皎洁的明月遮住。这时正好王允瞧见。王允为宣扬他的女儿长得如何漂亮,逢人就说,我的女儿和月亮比美,月亮比不过,赶紧躲在云彩后面,因此,貂蝉也就被人们称为“闭月”了。 《后汉书·吕布传》有这么一段记载:“卓以布为骑都尉,誓为父子,甚爱信之。尝小失意,卓拔手戟掷之,布拳捷得免,布由是阴怨于卓。卓又使布守中阁,而私与侍婢私通,益不自安。”从这一记载里,可以看到貂蝉的影子——董卓的一位侍妾,而董卓与吕布的怨隙,也是因女人而引起,《三国演义》“董太师大闹凤仪亭”的故事,就是因此生发出来的。在这里,“侍婢”仅仅是一个被污辱与被损害者,谈不上什么品格。后来,经过人民群众和许多艺术家的创造,这一“侍婢”才变成光彩夺目的貂蝉女形象。
杨玉环(羞花)
唐朝开元年间,有一美貌女儿叫杨玉环,被选进宫来。杨玉环进宫后,思念家乡。一天,她到花园赏花散心,看见盛开的牡丹、月季……想自己被关在宫内,虚度青春,不胜叹息,对着盛开的花说:“花呀,花呀!你年年岁岁还有盛开之时,我什么时候才 有出头之日?”声泪俱下,她刚一摸花。花瓣立即收缩,绿叶卷起低下。哪想到,她摸的是含羞草。这时,被一宫娥看见。宫娥到处说,杨玉环和花比美,花儿都含羞低下了头。“羞花”称号得来。 “羞花”这件事传到明皇耳朵里,便喜出望外,当即选杨玉环来见驾,杨玉环浓装艳抹,梳洗打扮后进见,明皇一见,果然美貌无比,便将杨玉环留在身旁侍候。由于杨善于献媚取宠,深得明皇欢心,不久就升为贵妃。杨贵妃得势后,其兄杨国忠仗势欺人,玩弄权术,陷害忠良。安史之乱发生以后,明皇携着贵妃和文武大臣西逃,安禄山率兵追赶,不仅要唐朝的江山。还要美女杨贵妃。途经马嵬坡,右龙武军将军陈玄礼等六军将士认为杨家祸国殃民,不肯前行,说是因为杨国忠通于胡人,而致有安禄山之反,唐玄宗为了稳定军心,乃杀杨国忠。左右羽林军和左右龙武军又不肯前行,说杨国忠为贵妃堂兄,堂兄有罪,堂妹亦难免,被迫将玉环赐死,死时38岁。虽说红颜祸水,但一个女人的命运怎能决定一个国家的衰败。无论是自尽还是被迫,都只是唐玄宗的替罪羔羊。
沉鱼是指西施,因为西施常在西边浣纱。落雁是指王昭君,闭月是貂蝉,羞花是杨玉环
“沉鱼”,讲的是西施浣沙时的故事。
春秋战国时期,越国有一个叫西施的,今浙江诸暨人,姓施名夷光,别名西子,是个浣纱的女子,五官端正,粉面桃花,相貌过人。她在河边浣纱时,清澈的河水映照她俊俏的身影,使她显得更加美丽,这时,鱼儿看见她的倒影,忘记了游水,渐渐地沉到河底。从此,西施这个“沉鱼”的代称,在附近流传开来。
西施,传说是西施在河边洗衣服,漂浮的鱼儿看着西施美丽的脸庞羞得沉入河底。
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