如何制备高质量金相组织

2025-04-02 19:03:30
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

第一步:试样选取:
1.1 选择取样部位及检验面,此过程综合考虑样品的特点及加工工艺,且选取部位需具有代表性。
1.2 试样的截取。不同性质的材料要采用不同的截取方法。无论哪种方式,都不能使样品温度升高太多而产生组织变化。
1.3 试样的尺寸。金相试样的大小以便于握持、易于磨制为准。
第二步:镶嵌:
如果试样的尺寸太小或者形状不规则,则需将其镶嵌或夹持。金相试样镶嵌机, 用热固性塑料先进行镶嵌成形,也是磨抛工作必不可少的前道工序。本机系机械式镶嵌机,加热温度由数字温度仪控制,各种性能稳定可靠,为更安全地操作,本机装有安全防护盖板,是试样镶嵌的最佳设备。
主要参数:
一:试样压制规格:Φ22、Φ30、Φ45×15mm
二 :加热器规格:650W ,220V ,50Hz
三:外形尺寸:340×260×430mm
四:重  量:32K
第三步:试样粗磨:
粗磨用800M的粗砂子。粗磨的目的是平整试样,磨成合适的形状。一般的钢铁材料常在砂轮机上粗磨,而较软的材料可用锉刀磨平。
第四步:试样精磨:
再用1200M的砂子进行精磨、精磨的目的是消除粗磨时留下的较深的划痕,为抛光做准备。对于一般的材料磨制方法分为手工磨制和机械磨制两种。
第五步:试样抛光:
抛光成镜面。用1500M然后再用绒布进行最后的抛光成镜面。抛光的的目的是把磨光留下的细微磨痕去除,成为光亮无痕的镜面。一般分为机械抛光、化学抛光、电解抛光三种,而最常用的为机械抛光。
第六步:试样腐蚀:
要在金相显微镜(6XCP)下观察到抛光样品的组织必须进行金相腐蚀。腐蚀的方法很多种,主要有化学腐蚀、电解腐蚀、恒电位腐蚀,而最常用的为化学腐蚀,4%硝酸加酒精腐蚀5-10秒马上用水进行冲洗。
第七步:显微观察:
要在显微镜下进行金相组织的观察。首先要选定金相显微镜的配置及参数,按你所观察金相试样的金相国家标准对应进行倒置金相显微镜选配。一般选配倒置型6XCP无限远金相显微镜他所观察的图像更清晰,配置有数码成像系统可以把把观察到的金相显微组织拍照下来进行存档。
第八步:金相显微镜配置:
金相显微镜的用途及性能:无限远倒置金相显微镜采用优良的无限远光学系统与模块化的功能设计理念,紧凑稳定的高刚性主体,充分体现了显微镜操作的防振要求。符合人机工程学要求的理想设计,使操作更方便舒适,空间更广阔。倒置金相显微镜配置无限远长工作距离平场消色差物镜、大视野目镜,内置偏光观察装置从而使图像更清晰、衬度更好。.倒置金相显微镜主要用于鉴别和分析金相组织及表面形态,金属内部结构组织的显微观察,倒置金相显微镜广泛应用于铸造、冶炼、热处理的研究,原材料的检验或材料处理后的分析等.本系列仪器也是高等院校进行教学,实验室,工厂质量鉴定,金属学、矿物学、精密工程学研究的重要仪器

回答2:

选择制样流程合理:粗磨—细磨—粗抛—精抛—冲洗吹干。多做就好了,不是什么高难度的事情。抛光操作时,对试样所施加的压力要均衡,且要先重后轻。在抛光初期,试样上的磨痕方向应与抛光盘转动的方向垂直,以便较快地抛除磨痕。在抛光后期,将试样缓缓转动,这样有利于获得光亮平整的镜面,同时能防止夹杂物及硬质的相产生曳尾现象,其间要不时的喷水,保持抛光布湿润。

回答3:

和热处理的相关的各个环节:设备、材质、检测仪器都达到理想状态就能制备高质量金相

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