崇圣寺三塔是由哪些塔组成的?

2025-04-07 03:39:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

崇圣寺三塔,由一座大塔和两座小塔组成。大塔又叫千寻塔,与南北两个小塔的距离都是70米。千寻塔高约70米,是方形密檐式空心砖塔,一共有16级,具有典型的唐代建筑风格。塔身内壁垂直贯通,上下设有木质楼梯,可以登上塔顶从瞭望小孔中欣赏大理古城的全貌。千寻塔矗立在两层高大的台基上,塔前朝东的照壁上有“永镇山川”4个苍劲有力的石刻汉字,是由明代黔国公沐英的孙子沐世阶所写。

三塔中,南北两座小塔高度相同,约42米,各有10级,是一对八角形密檐式砖塔,8层以上是实心,8层以下则是空心。外观轮廓线像锥形,具有典型的宋代建筑风格。南北小塔约建于1108年至1172年间,大理国段正严、段正兴时期。随着年代的久远,两座小塔已经偏离了垂直线,倾斜了400多年。仰望三塔,千寻塔每级四面都有拱形佛龛,相对的两龛内供有佛像,另外两龛则作为窗洞直通塔心。而南北小塔,每级的八方都有形状各异的塔形佛龛,各层塔身都有浮雕作为装饰。崇圣寺三塔的级数都为偶数,而其他地方佛塔的级数一般都是奇数。

崇圣寺三塔,从修建之日起,除了经历上千年风吹雨打和日晒之外,还经历过30多次强地震考验。其中,明代正德年间的大地震,大理古城房屋绝大部分倒塌,千寻塔也折裂如破竹。可是10天后,千寻塔竟奇迹般地自行复合如初。崇圣寺及三塔建成后,一直到明代,寺院保存完好。据史料记载,崇圣寺及三塔是三阁七楼九殿,房屋890多间,有佛像1.14万尊。

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