细胞内钙离子浓度检测用于什么研究

2025-03-31 04:23:00
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

这是一道生物试题,需借助于题目中的信息来理解:
胰岛素是人体血糖调节中的重要激素,其释放受到机体的精确调控。
(1)人体内胰岛素释放通路是:餐后血糖升高,葡萄糖由细胞膜上的载体蛋白转运到胰岛b细胞内,经过__________过程产生大量atp,阻断atp敏感型钾离子通道,进而抑制了钾离子的外流,使细胞膜内的电位___________,打开电压依赖性的ca2+通道,升高了胞内的ca2+浓度,促进胰岛素分子以__________的方式释放到细胞外。
(2)研究发现,高浓度葡萄糖可引起胰岛a细胞合成并分泌谷氨酸,为研究谷氨酸的作用机理,科研人员将三组数目相等的小鼠离体胰岛进行培养,培养条件及结果如图1所示(cqnx为谷氨酸受体阻断剂)。实验结果表明:_
_。由此推测,谷氨酸与胰岛b细胞表面的_________结合发挥作用。
(3)科研人员进一步用谷氨酸溶液处理正常小鼠和k+通道基因敲除小鼠的胰岛b细胞,检测细胞内ca2+荧光强度,结果如图2所示。
①由实验结果可知,谷氨酸能够__________正常小鼠胰岛b细胞内的ca2+浓度。
②k+通道基因敲除小鼠和正常小鼠相比,细胞内的基础ca2+浓度显著高于正常小鼠,从胰岛素释放通路分析,是由于k+通道基因敲除小鼠的k+通道不能正常发挥作用,导致ca2+通道_________。
③该实验结果说明谷氨酸对胰岛b细胞的作用是通过__________实现的。
【答案】
(1)有氧呼吸(或“呼吸作用”)
升高
胞吐(或“外排”)
(2)在高浓度葡萄糖条件下,谷氨酸能促进胰岛素的分泌,cnqx可抑制这一过程
(谷氨酸)受体
(3)①
升高
②(持续)开放
③k+通道
【解析】
(1)葡萄糖经过有氧呼吸过程被氧化分解,释放大量的能量,一部分储存在atp中,因此atp含量增多;atp增多,可以阻断atp敏感型钾离子通道,进而抑制了钾离子的外流,使细胞膜内的电位升高;胰岛素分子是大分子蛋白质,通过胞吐的方式分泌出去。
(2)分析题意和题图,由于高浓度葡萄糖可引起胰岛a细胞合成并分泌谷氨酸,从曲线中可以看出,在高浓度葡萄糖条件下,谷氨酸能促进胰岛素的分泌,而添加cnqx可抑制这一过程;谷氨酸作用于胰岛b细胞时,需要与胰岛b细胞表面的受体结合后才能发挥作用。
(3)①分析图2结果可知,加入谷氨酸后,正常小鼠细胞内ca2+荧光强度升高,说明谷氨酸能够升高正常小鼠胰岛b细胞内的ca2+浓度。
②k+通道基因敲除小鼠和正常小鼠相比,细胞内的基础ca2+浓度显著高于正常小鼠,从胰岛素释放通路分析,是由于k+通道基因敲除小鼠的k+通道不能正常发挥作用,导致ca2+通道
(持续)开放,因此胞内钙离子浓度较高。
③k+通道基因敲除小鼠ca2+浓度未升高,说明谷氨酸对胰岛b细胞的作用是通过
k+通道实现的。

回答2:

钙离子在人体的组织细胞及亚细器正常的生理功能中发挥着重要作用.如平滑肌的收缩,某些细胞的分泌、代谢等,都有赖于钙离子的参与.当由于各种病理生理因素,引起局部组织或细胞内钙离子超载或对钙离子敏感性增高时,则可引起它们的功能异常或发生疾。

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