棉褐带卷叶蛾是如何为害核桃的?

2025-04-07 06:11:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

棉褐带卷叶蛾Adoxophyes orana Fischervon R?slerstamm,雌蛾体长9毫米,翅展约19毫米,全体黄褐色,翅基斑褐色,中带上半部狭,下半部宽二分叉。卵扁椭圆形,数十粒排成鱼鳞状,淡黄绿色。幼虫体长约14毫米,黄绿色,头壳后缘棕色。蛹长约10毫米,黄褐色,臂棘8根。
又名苹小卷叶蛾,广泛分布我国各大区域,寄主植物30余种,可为害苹果、梨、桃、李、核桃、柿、柑橘、刺槐等。幼虫将数叶连缀一起,啃食叶肉成筛网状,叶片和果实连在一起时,还可将果皮啃成不规则洼坑。
该虫在甘肃、宁夏一年发生2代,华北地区一年发生3~4代,陕西关中、河南一年发生4代,长江以南一年发生5代。以2~3龄幼虫在枝干皮缝、粘贴枝上的枝叶。结白色薄茧过冬。翌年气温达到7~10℃时,开始出蛰,爬到芽旁结丝网取食嫩芽、嫩叶。据据赵宜谦研究(1959)在陕西杨凌观察,过冬幼虫4月下旬至5月上旬化蛹,5月上中旬羽化。当年第一代卵5月中旬,卵期11天,5月下旬至6月中旬为幼虫为害期,6月下旬化蛹,6月下旬至7月上旬第一代成虫羽化。第二代卵为7月中旬,7月中下旬幼虫为害,8月上旬化蛹,8月上中旬第二代成虫羽化。8月中下旬产卵,8月下旬至9月中旬幼虫为害期,9月下旬化蛹,10月上旬第三代成虫羽化,10月上中旬产卵,幼虫为害至10月中旬陆续开始过冬。
成虫多在上午羽化,白天静伏树冠内膛背荫处,傍晚交尾产卵,成虫对黑光灯、糖醋液有强趋性。产卵多叶面光滑处,卵块成鱼鳞状排列,每块卵数10粒。最多一雌蛾产卵207粒。干旱少雨时,成虫产卵少。幼虫孵化后分散为害,吐丝下垂,先在叶背主脉两侧吐丝结网啃食叶表皮呈筛孔状,2龄后幼虫连缀数叶取食。营养不良时,另选嫩叶缀连一起食为害。幼虫受惊动即吐丝下垂。棉褐带卷叶蛾天敌有50余种,成虫期有多种蜘蛛,卵期有赤眼蜂,幼虫有多种寄生蜂寄出,在一般情况下不会造成大的为害损失,如果喷药不合理,常诱发大发生。
防治方法:(1)利用黑光灯,糖醋液诱杀成虫。(2)幼虫出蛰、幼虫孵化期,喷50%敌敌畏乳剂1500倍液,2.5%溴氰菊酯3000倍液。(3)人工防治,冬春季刮刷老树皮,防治过冬幼虫。

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