推荐回答(5个)
孤独症也称为自闭症,自闭症形成的病因及影响因素通常包括遗传、脑器质性病变、社会心理因素等,建议及时找儿科专科医院做相关的检查,在医生的指导下进行治疗,避免对身体造成严重的危害。目前对于儿童自闭症的治疗主要是通过行为干预和特殊教育训练或药物治疗等方法,来提高他们在日常生活中自理能力,越早治疗才可以越早康复。
你好。自闭症目前原因不明。是指发病于三岁之前的全面广泛发育障碍,会伴有智力低下和语言发育迟缓。主要表现为与周围人的情感交流受限,喜欢独处。保持固定生活模式,对生活环境要求刻板,家具的移动,以至饮食起居的改变都会引起他们情绪变化。言语障碍也比较常见。
引起孤独症的原因非常复杂.据我多年采样研究归纳为两类:一是遗传因素;二是由于父母所处的社会环境而引起的基因突变,后者情况比较复杂,因人而异.
共患病是指在原有精神疾病的基础上,同时或先后罹患的其他精神疾病或躯体疾病,原有疾病和共进疾病之间可确的共同致病因素,也可能没有明确的共同致病因素。孤独症有哪些共患病?
孤独症的精神科共患病率高
既往研究显示,孤独症或独症谱系患儿常常共患其他精神障碍或躯体疾病,据报道,在6 ~17岁狐独症谱系障碍患儿中,72%的患儿至少患有一种共患病, 30%的患儿至少患有2种共患病,其中焦虑障碍最为常见(2%),其次为注意缺陷多动障碍(31%)、抽动障码(11%)、 心境障碍(10%),而在焦虑障碍中特定恐怖障碍又是最为多见的。
我国2013年研究报道显示,在6- 16岁的孤独症患儿中,98.4%的患儿患有共患病,半数以上的患儿患有3种或以上共患病,其中67.7%的患儿共忠焦虑障碍,58.1%的患儿共患注意缺陷多动障碍,53.3% 的患儿共患精神发育迟滞,21% 的患儿共患未特定的精神病性障碍,1.% 的患儿共患抽动障碍,1.3%6 的患儿共患情感障碍等,孤独症患儿对上述障碍的患病率明显高于普通人群。还有研究显示,44% 86%的孤独症或狐独症谱系障碍患儿共患睡眠障碍。
高功能孤独症或孤独症谱系障碍患儿更易共患注意缺陷多动障碍、焦虑障码、情感障碍等。比如有研究报道,我国高功能孤独症患儿较低功能孤独症患儿更易共惠焦忠障碍( 96.6%,51.5%)、注意缺陷多动障碍(75.9%,51.5%)、 广泛焦虑障碍(41.4%,3% )、情感障碍(24.1%,6.1%)、对立违抗障碍(24.1%,3%)、 抽动障碍(24.1%。6.1%)。孤独症有哪些共患病?
孤独症的躯体及神经系统共患病
除上述精神共患病外,孤独症或孤独症谱系障碍患儿还易于共惠各种躯体或神经系统疾病,包括胃肠功能紊乱、癫痫、神经皮肤综合征、脑瘫、感觉系统损害、巨头症等;还可能存在染色体异常性疾病,比如脆性X综合征、21-三体综合征、天使人综合征、闽拇指巨趾综合征、先天性面肌双瘫综合征等。孤独症有哪些共患病?
上海长江医院温馨提示:
共患病的存在不仅使孤独症或孤独症谱系障碍患儿的病情更为复杂,而且还会影响患儿的社会功能和预后,使患儿需要更多的干预和帮助。因此,了解孤独症或孤独症谱系障碍的共患病对充分诊断和全面干预孤独症或孤独症谱系障碍具有非常重要的意义。
自闭症谱系是一种先天性的精神障碍。自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)病因不明,大多数学者认为,其发生是基于潜在易感基因和环境的共同作用,被纳入研究的因素众多,但多数没有定论,但是有两条是已被明确的ASD高危因素:一是有患ASD的兄弟姐妹;二是有精神分裂情绪障碍或其他精神及行为问题家族史者。
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