饱和电抗器的作用是什么

2025-03-10 09:00:30
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

您好!

电力网中所采用的电抗器,实质上是一个无导磁材料的空心线圈。它可以根据需要布置为垂直、水平和品字形三种装配形式。在电力系统发生短路时,会产生数值很大的短路电流。如果不加以限制,要保持电气设备的动态稳定和热稳定是非常困难的。因此,为了满足某些断路器遮断容量的要求, 常在出线断路器处串联电抗器, 增大短路阻抗, 限制短路电流。
由于采用了电抗器,在发生短路时, 电抗器上的电压降较大,所以也起到了维持母线电压水平的作用,使母线上的电压波动较小,保证了非故障线路上的用户电气设备运行的稳定性。
电抗器reactor 依靠线圈的感抗阻碍电流变化的电器。按用途分为 7种:①限流电抗器。串联于电力电路中,以限制短路电流的数值。②并联电抗器。一般接在超高压输电线的末端和地之间,起无功补偿作用。③通信电抗器。又称阻波器。串联在兼作通信线路用的输电线路中,用以阻挡载波信号,使之进入接收设备。④消弧电抗器。又称消弧线圈。接于三相变压器的中性点与地之间,用以在三相电网的一相接地时供给电感性电流,以补偿流过接地点的电容性电流,使电弧不易起燃,从而消除由于电弧多次重燃引起的过电压。⑤滤波电抗器。用于整流电路中减少竹流电流上纹波的幅值;也可与电容器构成对某种频率能发生共振的电路,以消除电力电路某次谐波的电压或电流。⑥电炉电抗器。与电炉变压器串联,限制其短路电流。⑦起动电抗器。与电动机串联,限制其起动电流。
电抗器也叫电感器,一个导体通电时就会在其所占据的一定空间范围产生磁场,所以所有能载流的电导体都有一般意义上的感性。然而通电长直导体的电感较小,所产生的磁场不强,因此实际的电抗器是导线绕成螺线管形式,称空心电抗器;有时为了让这只螺线管具有更大的电感,便在螺线管中插入铁心,称铁心电抗器。电抗分为感抗和容抗,比较科学的归类是感抗器(电感器)和容抗器(电容器)统称为电抗器,然而由于过去先有了电感器,并且被称谓电抗器,所以现在人们所说的电容器就是容抗器,而电抗器专指电感器。

回答2:

主要作用:
(1)控制电压的大幅偏移;
(2)缓解电压闪变;
(3)在直流输电终端进行无功补偿。

饱和电抗器是一种无功补偿装置。这种补偿器由一个多相的谐波补偿自饱和电抗器与一个可投切电容器并联组成。饱和电抗器(SR)对无功功率实施控制,而电容器提供超前功率因数的偏置。简单的铁芯饱和电抗器不能作为这种补偿器来使用,因为它会导致电压和电流波形的严重畸变。SR的谐波通过采用特殊设计的多路耦合心式三-三型电抗器来最小化。

回答3:

铁心电抗器是非线性负载,在线性区外,当电压变大的时候电流也变大,但不是成比例变大,此时电抗内部磁场不在随着电压的变化而变化,即达到磁饱和。
就是在继续增加电流,磁通也不会变化了,为了满足应用和余量,一般工作在不饱和的状态。

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