推荐回答(3个)
沉香木鉴别?
沉香的化学光谱科学鉴别方法及药理作用
化学鉴别法:取正品沉香醇溶性浸出物进行微量升华,得黄褐色油状物,香气浓郁。在油状物上加盐酸1滴与香草醛颗粒少量,再滴加乙醇1-2滴,渐显樱红色,放置后颜色加深,伪品则无。
光谱鉴别法:进口正品沉香的紫外吸收光谱仅在(206±2)nm 处有吸收峰,而进口非正品沉香和国产沉香分别在(206±2)、(267±2)、(282±2)nm 处有3个吸收峰,但后2个吸收峰信息量较小;从一阶导数光谱看,国产沉香在(267±2)nm处有较大的特征峰,进口非正品沉香在242nm处有较大的吸收峰,进口正品沉香在此范围内无吸收峰;而伪品沉香在以上均无吸收峰。光谱不同,说明成分有别,质量有差别。
层析鉴别法:取样品95%乙醇浸提物,按微量升华方法,收得棕黄色挥发油,以丙酮溶解点于硅胶G薄层板,以苯- 丙酮(9∶1)展开。365nm紫外灯下检视结果,正品呈4个斑点,伪品则无;以5%香荚兰醛浓硫酸溶液显色,正品呈8 个斑点,伪品沉香则无。
这些鉴别方法过于技术性和复杂了,朋友们可以咨询龙木阁网站的陈老师或者查询它网站上的其他通俗文章,这样会更直观简单一些的.
沉香的药理作用
沉香能行气止痛,温中止呕,纳气平喘。用于胸腹胀闷疼痛,胃寒呕吐呃逆,肾虚气逆喘急。沉香提取物对中枢神经系统具有抑制活性和抗痉挛作用。沉香水煮液对肠平滑肌具有直接解痉作用。沉香苯提取物可降低环戊巴比妥睡眠小鼠直肠温度,此作用可能与中枢抑制有关。另外,沉香能引起不良反应—恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等中毒症状。《源: 冷玉杰,刘兵-沉香的鉴别及药理作用》
普通鉴别:
市面上最易混淆的“山寨沉香”为鳄鱼木所仿,其与沉香纹路相似,颜色相近,若再涂点沉香汁,几可以假乱真。为此,周先生集自己多年的经验,归纳了一个四步骤的真假沉香简单鉴别法:
一看,即材料在手上,要先看它的纹路(即油线)是否清晰,色泽是否雷同,因为天然的东西不可能没有瑕疵,往往人造的东西色泽会有雷同,而感观上比较完美。
二摸,用手去擦摸沉香的表面,若是真的沉香表面会带油粘感与冰凉感,假的沉香是不具备的。再就是用手感觉它的重量,含油量与实际重量是成正比的,含油越高重量越重、含油越少则重量越轻。
三闻,天然的沉香是大自然给出最真至纯的香,而产地不同香味会有所不同,纯天然沉香的味道现代高科技是无法复制到的,假沉香绝大多数是用沉香汁或化学香精用压、榨、灌、蒸等方法加工而成,所以闻它的味道始终不是唯一的清香。天然的沉香用鼻子闻它的味道,是越闻越想闻的,假的沉香则反之。
四烧,经过以上三个步骤还没法去辨别真假的话,那我们用明火直烧的方法去闻它的味道,或用电熏香炉取其小片直接熏闻,那真假必定会恍然大悟,真沉香味道是香醇单一的,假沉香往往带有化学香精味或者是比较混浊的非沉香味。
太复杂的不好操作,最简单的:削一下块下来,用火机点燃,问问味道是否有香味。注意假沉香也有香味的。却别在于,真沉香很顺,很柔。不会呛人。并伴有 乳味,甜味,水果味,或者麻味等。问多了就明白了,所以不要贸然购买 多逛几家学习下再下手。
无论是沉水级别的沉香,还是不沉水的沉香,鉴别方法都是一样的。首先,我们要知道,沉香是瑞香科沉香属的树种形成的,那它就必须有这种植物的木质纹理特征。认准了这种特征,也就八九不离十了。 几个细节:木射线、韧皮部、导管。鉴别沉香,最方便的方法就是观察这三个细节的特征和排列。沉香的韧皮部多呈月牙形或梭形,导管呈椭圆状,导管通常比韧皮部小,两者呈互相垂直排列。木质射线的走向,与导管一致,而与韧皮部是相交垂直。 符合以上特征的,基本上可以确定是沉香的底子了。至于沉不沉水,接一盆清水,扔进去,看沉不沉底,不就一目了然了吗?
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