1、off表示方位时意思是离开;在 ... 之外。
如:The singer was led off the stage by the maestro.
歌唱家由那位著名的指挥领着离开了舞台。
2、in表示方位时意思是在 ... 里;在 ... 地方;在 ... 期间;在 ... 方面;进入...里面;处于...状态;穿着...;以...的方式。
如:The telephone was in the little study on the ground floor.
电话在底楼的小书房里。
3、to表示方位时意思是去;(门)关上。
如 :Push the door to.
把门关上。
4、on表示方位时意思是在 ... 之上;由 ... 支撑着;在(某一天);关于;基于。
如:The book is on the table.
书在桌子上。
扩展资料:
词义辨析;
at,in,on
这些前置词在表示地点或时间时均含“在……”之意。
1、at表地点时,指空间位置上的某一点;表时间时,指在时间上的某一时刻。
2、in表地点时,指在某一立体空间范围内;表时间时,指一段时间或与年、月、季节时间连用。
3、on表地点时,指某物与另一物表面相接触,或与某地方接壤等;表时间时,指在某一天或某一天的某个时间,尤指在星期几。
一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如:
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别
1. at指时间表示:
(1)时间的一点、时刻等。如:
They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn).
(2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如:
He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night).
2. in指时间表示:
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc
(2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”。如:
He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如:
These products will be produced in a month.
注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如:
He will arrive after two o’clock.
3. on指时间表示:
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如:
On Christmas Day(On May 4th), there will be a celebration.
(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:
He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.
(3)准时,按时。如:
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4. by指时间表示:
(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:
He will come by six o’clock.
Jack had made some friends by the time you came.
(2)在……间,在……的时候。如:
He worked by day and slept by night.
5. through指时间意为“从……开始到结束”,此时与throughout相同。如:
We work hard all through the year.
三. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别
1. near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。如:
He was sitting beside her.
3. at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:
The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
Several students are sitting by / beside the window talking about a film.
四. at, in和on表示地点时的区别
1. at表示地点:
(1)用于指较小的地方。如:
I shall wait for you at the station.
(2)用于门牌号码前。如:
He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地点:
(1)用于指较大的地方。如:
He lives in Shanghai.
(2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3. on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:
The picture was hanging on the wall.
New York is on the Hudson River.
五. besides, except, except for, but表示“除……外”之间的区别
1. besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。如:
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
注意:besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换。如:
We have no other books besides / except these.
2. except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。如:
We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去)
3. except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。如:
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:
Nobody knew it but me.
六. above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。如:
We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。如:
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。如:
There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4. up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。如:
Please hang the picture up.
七. by, through, with表示“方式、方法、手段”之间的区别
1. by表方式:
(1)表示以一般的方法或方式。如:
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如:
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别:
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
2. through表示“以;通过;经由”。如:
He succeeded through hard work.
3. with表示方式
(1)表示行为方式,意为“以;带着;用”。如:
We are well provided with food and clothing.
(2)表示使用具体的工具或手段。如:
He writes with a pen.
注意:在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可换用,但with的意思更明确。如:
Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
八. through, with, from, for, at表示原因的区别
1. through表示原因,作“因为”解,常和neglect, carelessness, mistake, fault等词连用,表示偶然或消极的原因,如疏忽、过错、不慎等。如:
He cut himself through carelessness.
The experiment failed through one fault of ours.
2. with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。如:
The little girl was shivering with cold.
3.
from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦、死亡等原因。如:
She did it from a sense of duty.
4. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。如:
Forgive me for keeping you waiting.
5. at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。如:
At the news they felt very glad.
九. 介词的搭配方式
1. 介词可与名词搭配。如:answer to, key to, the reason for, the cause of, advice on, by means of, lack of, a picture of等。
2. 介词可与形容词搭配。如:be afraid of, be active in, be tired of, be bored with, be prepared for, be suitable for, be familiar to / with, be free from等。
3. 介词可与动词搭配。如:talk about, prevent…from, belong to, get over, depend on, object to, refer to, look forward to, make up for, devote to等。
一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如:
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
off和to 没有表示方位
in 在里面
on 在上面
off在远处
to 接壤
in在之内
on在上面(是紧贴的那种,否则用above 或over)