圣诞节的英文资料+中文翻译

Christmas

The Feast of Christmas
It is not easy to pin-point the origins of the Christmas feast, today the more important feast of the Christmas season in most western Christian churches. One can only say for certain that the birth of Jesus Christ was being celebrated in Rome by the year 336 A.D.; afterwards the feast was celebrated in other Christian churches throughout the world.

Why it was celebrated on December 25th is another question. No date for the birth of Jesus can be found in the New Testament, which is concerned more with the question "Who is Jesus?" than the date of his birth. Early Christian speculation about his birth date was influenced by the symbolism of the changing seasons, then popular in religious thought, which paid careful attention to the equinoxes and solstices of the sun. Christian scholars speculated that Jesus was conceived at the spring equinox (March 25th) and therefore was born on December 25th, the date of the winter solstice.

In many of the Christian churches, March 25th is still the Feast of the Annunciation, when the Angel Gabriel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of Jesus.

Possible impluse for the feast of Christmas may have came too from the establishment of the pagan feast of the "Unconquered Sun-God" by the Emperor Aurelian in 274 A.D. to be celebrated on December 25, the day of the winter solstice in Rome and throughout the empire. In response, Christians could celebrate the feast of the "Sun of righteousness" (Malachi 4,2), Jesus Christ, who called himself " the light of the world."

Father Christmas

It is said that in the year of 300 AD, there was a kind old man and his name was Saint Nicholas. He was always ready to help the poor and often gave presents to them.

Today, Father Christmas is an imaginary figure, but nearly all young children believe in him. They think he is a happy old man with a long white beard and a long red robe.

On the night of the twenty-fourth of December every year, Father Christmas from some cold northern land comes down the chimney of the fireplace to put presents by the beds of children or to fill their stockings. So when children go to bed that night, they hang up their stockings, and on Christmas morning they wake to find them full of presents. Of course, it's really their parents who fill the stockings.

Another name for Father Christmas is Santa Claus.

参考资料：chq0621
回答者：木原正树 - 大魔法师 九级 10-7 09:04

这篇不难的，可以参考：）~

For today's Christian, the origin of Christmas is, and should be, the birth of Jesus Christ as recorded in the Bible. Nothing more and nothing less. However, most of what we witness on December 25th each year has absolutely nothing to do with that blessed day, which probably occurred in late summer or early fall about 2,000 years ago. In fact, most of the customs and traditions of Christmas actually pre-date the birth of Jesus, and many of them are downright deceptive in their meaning and origin. Anyway, who cares when Christ was born?

Christmas Day,the 25th of December,is the biggest festival(节日)celebrated in the Christian countries of the world.Although everyone enjoys Christmas Day,it is particularly enjoyed by children,who get very excited because of the presents they know they are going to receive.Small children believe that their presents are brought by Father Christmas(圣诞老人).Father Christmas is a kind of old man who,the children are told,lives at the North Pole.He travels through the sky on a sleigh(雪撬) which is pulled by reindeers(驯鹿) and loaded with(装满) presents.Stopping on the roof of houses,he enters by climbing the chimney(烟囱).When small children go to bed on Christmas Eve,they hang a stocking at the end of their beds.Their parents warn them not to try to look at Father Christmas,or he will not leave them anything.When they wake,they find their stockings filled with presents.Children are very excited on Christmas morning and always wake up early.
Christmas is also a family celebration.As any members of the family as possible gather to eat,play party games and watch the special Christmas programmes on TV.
回答者： 13760551 - 进士出身 八级 10-7 09:07

People send each other cards and give gifts to their families and friends. In homes and in stores, evergreen trees glitter with colorful lights and ornaments. Children look forward to seeing a jolly, white-bearded man in a red suit named Santa Claus.

It all can mean just one thing: It’s the season of Christmas, a holiday celebrated every year on December 25.

WHAT IS CHRISTMAS?

Christmas is a Christian holiday. It commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ more than 2,000 years ago. Christian churches hold religious services to celebrate Christmas. At midnight on Christmas Eve, most churches hold special candlelight services.

But Christmas is also a social and family holiday. It is a festival of goodwill, a time for family, friends, food, and gift-giving.

Many Americans share Christmas cookies, decorate their homes, and place presents under the family Christmas tree. Children often hang up stockings for Santa Claus to fill with small gifts. According to tradition, Santa arrives on a sleigh pulled by reindeer. Presents are usually opened on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day.

THE STORY OF CHRIST’S BIRTH

The story of Christ’s birth comes mainly from the New Testament of the Bible, a holy book of Christianity. According to the Bible, Joseph and his wife, Mary, traveled from Nazareth to the town of Bethlehem. The town’s inn had no room for them, even though Mary was expecting a child. Her baby was born in a stable and placed in a manger, a criblike holder for animal feed.

In the fields near Bethlehem, an angel appeared before shepherds who were guarding their flocks. The angel told the shepherds that a holy child named Jesus Christ had been born. Other angels appeared and sang. After the angels had gone, the shepherds went to Bethlehem to see the child.

Three Wise Men came from the east looking for a newborn king. They followed a bright, guiding star called the Star of Bethlehem. It led them to Christ in the manger. There, they knelt in worship before the baby Jesus and gave him gifts.

TWELVE DAYS OF CHRISTMAS

The official Christmas season is popularly known as the Twelve Days of Christmas. It extends from the anniversary of Christ’s birth on December 25 to the feast of Epiphany on January 6. The Epiphany honors Jesus’ baptism and the arrival of the Three Wise Men in Bethlehem.

THE ROOTS OF CHRISTMAS

No one knows exactly when Jesus Christ was born. For many years, local Christian churches celebrated Christ’s birth at different times. Then, in the ad 300s, the Roman Catholic Church set the birth date at December 25.

At that time, older non-Christian festivals were celebrated around Christmas. The Romans celebrated Saturnalia, a festival honoring their god of harvest and god of light. Other Europeans held festivals in mid-December marking the end of the harvest season. The Roman Catholic Church probably chose December 25 to give a Christian meaning to these older festivals.

The Orthodox Church, the Christian church in the east, also began using December 25 as the birth date of Jesus. But the Orthodox Church places more importance on celebrating Jesus’ baptism on January 6.

CHRISTMAS GIFTS

The custom of exchanging gifts at Christmas comes from the ancient Romans. During Saturnalia, the Romans exchanged tokens of good luck. Later, it became customary for Romans to exchange more valuable gifts, such as clothes or jewelry. The Biblical story of the Three Wise Men who presented gifts to baby Jesus also shaped this Christmas custom.

CHRISTMAS TREES

The tradition of the Christmas tree came to North America from Germany. Long ago, Germans began decorating evergreen trees in their homes at Christmas. They trimmed their trees with fruits, cookies, and lighted candles. German immigrants to the United States brought this custom with them in the 1800s.

Before Christian times, ancient people used evergreens for decoration and religious ceremonies. Because evergreens do not die in the winter, they came to symbolize eternal life.

STAR OF BETHLEHEM

The Star of Bethlehem is one of the oldest symbols of Christmas. A star traditionally sits atop Christmas trees. Stars are used for many other Christmas decorations, too.

CHRISTMAS LIGHTS

Lighted candles have always been a part of Christmas celebrations. The candles represent Jesus Christ, who the Bible calls “the light of the world.” Today, most people decorate their homes and yards with electric lights in place of candles.

MISTLETOE AND HOLLY

The custom of decorating with mistletoe at Christmastime dates to the Romans. They thought of mistletoe as a symbol of peace. They believed enemies would resolve their differences when they met beneath it. The Christmas custom of kissing under the mistletoe is thought to come from this ancient belief.

Holly, too, is a popular Christmas decoration. Its sharp, pointed leaves are considered a symbol of Christ’s crown of thorns. Christ wore the crown when he was crucified (nailed to a cross).

CHRISTMAS AROUND THE WORLD

Each part of the world has its own Christmas traditions. In many countries, gifts are exchanged on January 6 to mark the Epiphany. On January 5, the eve of the Epiphany, children in Spain leave grain in their shoes for the Wise Men’s camels. The next morning, they find small gifts in place of the grain.

In Mexico, singing children parade from house to house in a tradition called posadas. They ask for shelter, like Mary and Joseph in Bethlehem before Jesus’ birth. The children are turned away at many doors before they are finally invited in. Then, everyone enjoys a large meal, singing, and dancing.

In the southern part of the world, in places like Australia, Christmas arrives in summer. Australians often celebrate Christmas with a beach picnic! And Santa’s sleigh is said to be pulled by eight kangaroos!

还有:http://baike.baidu.com/view/2547.htm
12月25日，是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子，称为圣诞
节。

从12月24日于翌年1月6日为圣诞节节期。节日期间，各
国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。圣诞节本来是基督教徒
的节日，由于人们格外重视，它便成为一个全民性的节日，
是西方国家一年中最盛大的节日，可以和新年相提并论，类
似我国过春节。
西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色，圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红
色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是圣诞节的主要装饰品，用砍伐来的杉、
柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花，还点燃着圣
诞蜡烛。

红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人，他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在
圣诞夜临睡之前，要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子，等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物
放在袜子内。在西方，扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。

圣 诞 的 由 来
圣诞节的由来耶稣的生日究竞是哪一天，其实早无据可查。为什么
要把12月25日定为圣诞节呢？这是在5世纪中叶由教会规定的。公元354
年，在“菲洛卡连”日历中第一次写明12月25日是耶稣的生日，到5世
纪西方普遍接受了这个日期为圣诞节。
圣诞树
据称，圣诞树最早出现在古罗马12月中旬的农神节，德国传教士尼古斯在公元8世纪
用纵树供奉圣婴。随后，德国人把12月24日作为亚当和夏娃的节日，在家放上象征伊甸园
的“乐园树”，上挂代表圣饼的小甜饼，象征赎罪；还点上蜡烛，象征基督。
到16世纪，宗教改革者马丁.路德，为求得一个满天星斗的圣诞之夜，设计出在家中布
置一颗装着蜡烛的圣诞树。不过，西方关于圣诞树的来历流行着另一种说法：有个善良的
农民，在圣诞节那天，热情地招待了一名流浪的孩子，临别时，孩子折下一树枝插在地上
树枝立即长成大树，孩子指着这树对农民说，每年今日，树上都长满礼物，以报答你们的
盛情。所以，今天人们所见的圣诞树上总是挂满了小礼物。
.荷斯利设计的。卡片上画的是一个贵族家庭，三代人一齐举杯对一位不在场的亲友表示祝
贺。当时他印了1000张，没有用完的印刷厂就以每张1先令的价钱卖出。圣诞卡就这样诞生
了。

圣诞歌
长期以来，一直流行的圣诞歌主要有三个，一个是《平安夜》；一个是《听，天使报
佳音》；第三个是《铃铛儿响叮当》。
圣诞老人
圣诞老人原指公元4世纪时小亚细亚专区 的主教尼古拉，他因和蔼可亲
慷慨济贫万里闻名。到了6世纪，东方把他尊称为圣尼古拉。由于民间有关尼
古拉的传说中，都联系到少年儿童和礼物，从此，圣诞老人便成为专门在圣
诞节向孩子们送礼物的慈祥老人的形象。到了18世纪，通过文学和绘画，圣
诞老人逐渐成为身穿红外衣的白胡子、白眉毛老人形象。

圣诞卡
世界上第一张圣诞卡是1843年英国人亨利.高乐爵士提议，由约翰.卡尔葛
圣诞礼物
据《圣经》记载，来自东方的圣人在耶稣降生的时候赠送礼物，这就是圣诞老人为儿
童赠送礼品习俗的由来。英国少年儿童在圣诞前夕把长统袜子放在壁炉旁，相信圣诞老人
在夜里会从大烟囱下来，给他们带来满袜子的礼物。法国的少年儿童把鞋放在门口，让“
圣婴来时把礼物放在鞋里面。”

圣诞大餐
正像中国人过春节吃年饭一样，欧美人过圣诞节也很注重全家人围坐在圣诞树下，共
进节日美餐。
圣诞大餐吃火鸡的习俗始于1620年。这种风俗盛于美国。英国人的圣诞大餐是烤鹅，
而非火鸡。奥大利人爱在平安夜里，全家老小约上亲友成群结队地到餐馆去吃一顿圣诞大
餐，其中，火鸡、腊鸡、烧牛仔肉和猪腿必不可少，同时伴以名酒，吃得大家欢天喜地。
“圣诞节”这个名称是“基督弥撒”的缩写。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。耶诞节是一个宗教节。我们把它当作耶苏的诞辰来庆祝，因而又名耶诞节。这一天，世界所有的基督教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教并无半点关联。交换礼物，寄圣诞卡，这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。

圣诞节是基督教世界最大的节日。4世纪初，1月6日是罗马帝国东部各教会纪念那稣降生和受洗的双重节日、称为“主显节”Epiphany，亦称“显现节”即上帝通过那稣向世人显示自己。当时只有那路拉冷的教会例外，那里只纪念耶稣的诞生而不纪念那稣的受洗。后来历史学家们在罗马基督徒习用的日历中发现公元 354年12月25日页内记录着：“基督降生在犹大的伯利恒。”经过研究，一般认为12月25日伴为圣诞节可能开始于公元336年的罗马教会）约在公元375年传到小亚细亚的安提阿，公元 430年传到埃及的亚历山大里亚，那路撒冷的教会接受得最晚，而亚美尼亚的教会则仍然坚持1月6日主显节是那稣的诞辰。12月25日原来是波斯太阳神（即光明之神）密特拉（Mithra）的诞辰，是一个异教徒节日，同时太阳神也是罗马国教众神之一。这一天又是罗马历书的冬至节，崇拜太阳神的异教徒都把这一天当作春天的希望，万物复苏的开始。可能由于这个原因，罗马教会才选择这一天作为圣诞节。这是教会初期力图把异教徒的风俗习惯基督教化的措施之一。后来，虽然大多数教会都接受12月25日为圣诞节，但又固各地教会使用的历书不同，具体日期不能统一，于是就把12月24日到第二年的1月6日定为圣诞节节期（Christmas Tide），各地教会可以根据当地具体情况在这段节期之内庆祝圣诞节。自从12月25日被大多数教会公认为圣诞节后，原来1月6日的主显节就只纪念耶稣受洗了，但天主教会又把1月6日定为“三王来朝节”，以纪念耶稣生时东方三王（即三位博士）来朝拜的故事。随着基督教的广泛传播，圣诞节已成为各教派基督徒，甚至广大非基督徒群众的一个重要节日。在欧美许多国家里，人们非常重视这个节日，把它和新年连在一起，而庆祝活动之热闹与隆重大大超过了新年，成为一个全民的节日。12月25日的主要纪念活动都与那稣降生的传说有关。

耶苏的出生是有一段故事的，耶苏是因着圣灵成孕，由童女马利亚所生的。神更派遣使者加伯列在梦中晓谕约瑟，叫他不要因为马利亚未婚怀孕而不要她，反而要与她成亲，把那孩子起名为“耶苏”，意思是要他把百姓从罪恶中救出来。
当马利亚快要临盆的时候，罗马政府下了命令，全部人民到伯利恒务必申报户籍。约瑟和马利亚只好遵命。他们到达伯利恒时，天色已昏，无奈两人未能找到旅馆渡宿，只有一个马棚可以暂住。就在这时，耶苏要出生了！於是马利亚唯有在马槽上，生下耶苏。后人为纪念耶苏的诞生，便定十二月二十五为圣诞节，年年望弥撒，纪念耶苏的出世。
圣诞节便是於十二月二十五日纪念耶苏的诞生，但真实的诞生日就没有人知道了。十九世纪，圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现，圣诞节也开始流行起来了。

各国圣诞节习俗：

法国法国中部的色日尔斯地方，每年圣诞节前后几天必降大雪，白雪皑皑，令人清新。在西方人眼里，白色圣诞是一种吉祥。在法国，马槽是最富有特色的圣诞标志，因为相传耶稣是诞生在马槽旁的。人们大唱颂赞耶稣的圣诞歌之后，必须开怀畅饮，香槟和白兰地是法国传统的圣诞美酒。

芬兰芬兰在12月圣诞节前后，漫山遍野都是怒放的紫罗兰，掩映在白色的大地上，望去一片紫红色，紫色圣诞使人心旷神怡。

英国和德国英国人和德国人一样，圣诞节喝啤酒，吃烤鹅，他们更喜欢利用圣诞节假日外出旅游。

美国美国人过圣诞节着重家庭布置，安置圣诞树，在袜子中塞满礼物，吃以火鸡为主的圣诞大菜，举行家庭舞会。

瑞士瑞士人在圣诞节前4个星期，就将4支巨型的蜡烛点燃，放在由树枝装饰成的一个环里，每周点1支，当点燃第4支后，圣诞节就到了。

丹麦丹麦人对不合意的圣诞礼物，可去商店兑换价格相似的其他商品。

澳大利亚澳大利亚是南半球的国家之一。12月底，正当西欧各国在寒风呼啸中欢度圣诞节时，澳大利亚正是热不可耐的仲夏时节。因此在澳大利亚过圣诞节，到处可以看见光着上身汗水涔涔的小伙子和穿超短裙的姑娘，与商店橱窗里精心布置的冬日雪景、挂满雪花的圣诞树和穿红棉袄的圣诞老人，构成澳大利亚特有的节日图景。这种酷暑和严冬景象的强烈对比，恐怕在西方国家是独一无二的。父母给子女最好的圣诞礼物，莫过于一副小水划。圣诞节弄潮是澳大利亚的一大特征。节日晚上，带着饮料到森林里举行“巴别居”野餐。人们用石头垒的露天灶中用枯树枝生火、上面架一块铁板，把香肠、牛肉、鲜鱼等放上去煎。吃饱喝足后，就跳起“迪斯科”或“袋鼠舞”，一直闹到深夜才结束。喝醉了的，便往草地上一躺，在如雷的鼾声中迎接圣诞老人的莅临。

波兰在波兰每年12月25日、26日举行，家家户户都要装饰圣诞树，大街小巷都有圣诞树上的装饰品出卖。节日里亲友之间相互祝贺，互赠礼品，表示友好。晚间吃饭时桌布下边要放一些草，以示耶稣的降生。晚饭很丰富，但不能吃肉。夜间12时后，全家去教堂礼拜。圣诞节期间，一般不到别人家中做客，但主人盛情邀请者例外。

保加利亚据保加利亚的历法，圣诞节是灵魂出没、妖邪猖狂的日子。因此，人们要借助火来驱妖镇邪。圣诞节前夜，家家都燃起火堆，一直燃到天亮，不得熄灭，否则会招来横祸。由男人取圣诞木点火进屋并高声念道：“圣诞节降临，牛、羊、猪、马长满圈，麦苗出满垅，人人走好运。”在屋里等候的人则齐声回答：“阿门！”

中文翻译答案：圣诞节是一种节日。