推荐回答(2个)
以前,在海运中会出现一种情况:货物通过海运到离启运港很近的港口,货物随船已经到达目的港,而提单却因为没有很方便的传递方式送达收货人,导致“货到单未到”,收货人没有办法提货。为了解决这种问题,在发明电报以后,收货人要求发货人通过电报把放货信息传达收货人。这种形式就叫做:电报放货。
后来,随着科技的发展,先后出现了电传传真这样的东西,以致人们不再用费用高、效率低的电报来通知收货人,而采用了电传或者传真的形式。
到了现在,我们有了网络,大家又开始逐渐摒弃电传传真的方式,采用邮件来解决问题。
这就是电放的沿革。
现在来说操作:电报时代:首先给船公司把正本提单交回,然后给船公司指令,要求船公司给目的港代理人发电报,用电报通知此票货物放弃正本,收货人凭密押或者印鉴提货。发货人按照电报字数收取费用。
后来,在传真与邮件过渡时期,主力船东开始改变电放格式:不再在正本提单上加盖任何与电放有关的签章,或者出具带有电放字样的提单,而是直接收货正本,改用电放回执以证明此票货物电放。届时,整船货物电放后,由船公司缮制电放回执,此回执一般有船公司标志,启运港证明,货物信息,收货人证明等信息组成,其中尤为重要的是船公司出示的电放编号,发货人将此回执通知于收货人,收货人凭电放编号即可受领货物。由此,电放的风险就变得低了很多,而且效率高了很多。
建议所有的收发货人尽量不要使用电放方式,因为电放又不经济(船公司会收取电放费),风险又高(电放对收货人是不具备完全追索权的)。就是这些。
不同情形下电放提单的操作:
1、不签发任何提单
1)由承运人将船东提单的副本传给货代;
2)货代将该提单副本传真给托运人予以确认;
3)托运人确认后,填写电放申请书传给货代
4)货代将电放申请书传给承运人;
5)承运人同意电放的,在货物装船后,将电放信或者电放号由货代传给托运人;
6)托运人将电放信或者电放号传给收货人,收货人凭该电放信或者电放号及提单的副本在目的港承运人代理处提货。
2、船东提单用电放,货代签发正本货代提单
此种情况下,承运人将提单副本传给货代,由其确认,提单上的托运人填货代名,收货人填货代在目的港的代理;货代在确认后,提出电放申请;承运人同意的,将电放信或者电放号传给货代;最后由货代在目的港的代理人从承运人目的港代理中提货。
另一方面,货代公司签发正本的货代提单给托运人,提单上的托运人填托运人的名称,收货人填目的港收货人的名称,目的港的收货人凭该提单的正本在目的港,从货代公司代理手中提货。
3、船东签发正本提单,货代提单用电放
操作基本与上一种类似,此处为由承运人签正本提单给货代,提单上的托运人为货代,收货人为货代在目的港的代理,货代目的港的代理凭正本提单提货。
货代与托运人之间用电放,收货人凭电放信或者电放号,在目的港从货代代理人处提走货物。
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