推荐回答(2个)
生物除磷系统的生产运行经验表明,生物除磷工艺要稳定达到较好的除磷效果是比较困难的。国内外的不少专家针对此作了不少的研究,为了解决污水排放不能达到城镇污水排放标准,经常会向除磷工艺中投加化学药品,采用生物化学相结合的除磷方法,以提高除磷的效率。经过大量的研究表明,要保证生物除磷系统出水含磷量低于0.5mg/L,基本有两种可行方法:其一是与化学除磷相结合,通过化学反应和药剂的催化作用提高除磷效果;其二是通过应用初沉污泥发酵生成足够数量的VFAs,提高生物除磷系统中聚磷菌可利用的碳源来提高除磷效果。
总结生物除磷实验和污水处理厂世纪运行效果,活性污泥的生物除磷工艺主要控制要点包括一下几点:①污泥龄的控制:生物除磷系统的本质是通过排除富磷剩余污泥来达到除磷效果的,因此剩余污泥的多少直接影响整个系统的除磷性能。通常认为污泥龄越长,污泥产率越低,污泥含磷量越低,去除单位重量磷需要消耗较多的BOD5。仅以除磷为目的的污水处理系统宜控制较短的污泥龄,一般为3.5~7d。②有机物浓度和有机基质类型的控制:经大量的研究发现,若要使污水处理厂出水中磷含量低于1.0mg/L,达到排放标准,进水中的BOD5/TP应控制在20~30,且含由丰富的低分子有机酸(VFAs)机制,Gerber等人认为磷的厌氧释放基本上取决于进水的性质而不是厌氧状态本身。③ DO的控制:厌氧段溶解氧(DO)应严格控制在0.2mg/L以下,而好氧段DO控
制在2mg/L左右;④硝酸盐的控制:在生物除磷工艺中硝酸盐的去除是除磷的先决条件。但硝酸盐
控制在什么水平尚存在不同的看法,通常认为应控制在0.2mg/L以下,硝酸盐影响的程度和废水有机物浓度以及有机基质类型有关,Ekema等人认为,当COD/TKN的比值小于7~9时,生物除磷系统很难获得好的效果。⑤出水SS的控制:生物除磷系统污泥含磷量一般大于5%,为达到严格的磷控制标准,在污水处理厂出水口设置过滤设施是必要的。
为了达到理想的活性污泥法处理效果,就必须考虑诸多因素。在生物除磷工艺中,对污染物的去除起主导作用的是微生物,因此在活性污泥中微生物的多少,直接影响污水处理的效果。而在强化生物除磷工艺中聚磷菌是活性污泥除磷的关键,因此提高生物除磷工艺除磷效率方法就是提高聚磷菌在整个生物系统中的生物量,使聚磷菌在该生物系统的比例大幅度的提升,使其成为优势菌种,已达到较好除磷效果。
为此试想通过在好氧池前设置高负荷好氧池提过活性污泥的生物量和生物活性。在高负荷好氧池中,大量的有机物质的进入,使微生物在高负荷条件下处于对数增殖期,大量的繁殖形成一个生物再生区域;同时也产生大量的粘性物质,使活性污泥中的微生物与污水中的悬浮物、颗粒产生吸附,已达到对污染物的更好结合利用,最终达到去除的目的。
另外,为了使聚磷菌在系统中成为优势菌种,可通过控制好厌氧池这个“生物选择器”在聚磷菌释放磷这个环节上各种释放磷因素,已达到使聚磷菌成为优势菌种的可能。
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