硫粉的化学性质和物理性质是甚么?

2025-04-05 13:42:19
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

编辑本段物理性质  发现过程:古代人类已认识了天然硫。硫分布较广。
  单质物理性质:
  颜色:通常为淡黄色晶体,它的元素名来源于拉丁文,原意是鲜黄色。
  种类:单质硫有几种同素异形体,菱形硫(斜方硫)和单斜硫[2]是现在已知最重要的晶状硫。它们都是由8个S原子形成的环状分子组成。
  溶解性:不溶于水,微溶于酒精。易溶于二硫化碳(弹性硫只能部分溶解)、四氯化碳和苯结,晶形硫不溶于水,稍溶于乙醇和乙醚,溶于二硫化碳、四氯化碳和苯。
  

密度熔点沸点存在条件常温下状态菱形硫(S8) 2.07克/立方厘米112.8℃444.674℃200℃以下固体单斜硫(S8) 1.96克/立方厘米119.0℃444.6℃200℃以上/导热性与导电性:硫单质导热性和导电性都差。性松脆,易溶于二硫化碳(弹性硫只能部分溶解)、四氯化碳和苯结,晶形硫不溶于水,稍溶于乙醇和乙醚,溶于二硫化碳、四氯化碳和苯。无定形硫主要有弹性硫,是由熔态硫迅速倾倒在冰水中所得。不稳定,可转变为晶状硫(正交硫),正交硫是室温下唯一稳定的硫的存在形式。
编辑本段化学性质
  化合价为-2.+2.+4和+6。第一电离能10.360电子伏特。化学性质比较活泼,能与氧、金属、氢气、卤素(除碘外)及已知的大多数元素化合。还可以与强氧化性的酸、盐、氧化物,浓的强碱溶液反应。它存在正氧化态,也存在负氧化态,可形成离子化合物、共价化合成物和配位共价化合物。
  1.氧化性
  与金属单质反应:铜→硫化亚铜;铁→硫化亚铁;铝,钠等金属
  往往将其氧化为较低价态
  特性:银与硫摩擦生成硫化银;汞与硫研磨生成硫化汞
  与非金属反应:2S + C ==高温== CS2;S + H2==Δ== H2S
  与其他的还原剂:S+Na2SO3==Δ== Na2S2O3(学名;硫代硫酸钠大苏打)
  2.还原性:S + O2==点燃== SO2
  3.既氧化又还原:
  与碱反应:
  这个反应生成的是多硫化钠与硫代硫酸钠,而不会生成硫化钠,中学教材提及的所谓生成硫化钠的反应是完全错误的
  正确的方程是:
  (x+3)S + 6 OH- =加热=2S(x/2+1)2- + SO32- + 3H2O
  其中X不确定
常用方程式
  (x+3)S + 6 OH- =加热=2S(x/2+1)2- + SO32- + 3H2O
  S2- +H2O ====HS- +OH-水解反应
  3S2- + 2Al3+ + 6H2O ==== 2Al(OH)3↓ +3H2S↑
  S2- +2Fe3+ ==== 2Fe2+ +S↓
  SO2+Ca2++ 2ClO- + H2O ==== CaSO4↓ +HClO + H+ + Cl- (少量SO2)
  2SO2+ Ca2++ 2ClO- + 4H2O ==== CaSO4↓ + 2Cl- + 4H+ +SO42- (足量SO2)
  SO2+ 2Fe3+ +2H2O ==== 2Fe2+ + SO42- + 4H+
  SO2 + CO3 2- ==== SO3 2- + CO2↑
  SO2+ 2OH- ==== SO32-+ H2O
  SO2 + OH- ==== HSO3-
  2SO2+ O2==== 2SO3(加热,V2O5催化)
  SO2+ Cl2+ 2H2O ====2Cl- +2H+ + SO42-
  SO2+ Br2+ 2H2O ==== 2Br- + 2H+ + SO4 2-
  SO2+ I2+2H2O ==== 2I- + 2H+ + SO42-
  SO2+ H2O2==== 2H++ SO4 2-
  3SO2 + 2NO3-+ 2H2O ==== 3SO4 2- + 2NO↑ + 4H+
  SO2+ ClO - + H2O ==== 2H++ Cl- + SO4 2-
  SO2+ 2H2S ==== 3S↓ + 2H2O
  SO2+ H2O ==== H2SO3
  2H2SO3+O2==== 2H2SO4
  2Na2SO3+O2==== 2Na2SO4
  5SO2 + 2MnO4- + 2H2O ==== 2Mn2+ + 5SO4 2- + 4H+
  SO3 2- + 2H+ ==== SO2↑+ H2O
  SO4 2- +H2O ==可逆== HSO4- + OH
  SO4 2- + Ba2+ ==== BaSO4↓
  SO4 2- + 2H+ + Ba2+ + 2OH- ==== BaSO4↓+2H2O
  (NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使溶液呈中性)
  SO4 2- + H+ + Ba2- +OH- ==== BaSO4↓+H2O
  (NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使SO4 2- 全部沉淀)
  S2O32- +2H+==== S↓ + SO2↑ + H2O
  2H2S + SO2==== 3S↓+ 2H2O(点燃)
  2H2S +3O2==== 2SO2+ 2H2O(点燃,氧气充足)
  2H2S +O2==== 2S↓+2H2O(点燃,氧气不足)
  硫在氧气里燃烧的现象:剧烈燃烧,发出热量,发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰,生成有刺激性气味的气体。
  硫与氧气燃烧会生成二氧化硫。

回答2:

化学性质:
有一定的氧化性(较弱)可以与许多金属反应生成金属硫化物,与氢气反应生成硫化氢。
有一定的还原性,能与氧气、浓硫酸、浓硝酸等氧化剂反应。
与碱发生歧化反应,生成硫化物和亚硫酸盐。
物理性质:
黄色固体,不溶于水,微溶于酒精,易溶于二硫化碳。
熔沸点较低,加热易液化、气化。
生理性质:
有一定的杀菌作用。

回答3:

硫粉外观黄色粉状固体、可燃、具有还原性、不能和强氧化剂共储存、可以和碳反应生成二硫化碳、硫得到还原、负二价、可以和氧气发生氧化反应生成二氧化硫和三氧化硫

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