推荐回答(4个)
先看工法,明挖还是暗挖,盾构。
对于施工工法的衬砌、防护很重要,隧道主要就是止水,施工工艺及衬砌流程。
然后是结构尺寸、配筋。
这个还是比较大,好好跟师傅学,多看点书、图纸,多问问,也多到现场看看。
在开工后你要注意图纸中取土和弃土场的位置,防治施工方乱取乱弃,而且一定要注意安全施工,尽量避免现场存在隐藏的危险,施工过程你可以参照《路基施工技术规范》来进行监管,这些规范类的书籍监理方都会有由业主下发的书籍。路基的东西相对来讲主要注意边坡防护,涵洞,填土时的土质,和铺筑的厚度,很多的施工方都会在混凝土,钢筋和土方中做手脚,所以你主要注意他们施工的方法和材料是否和图纸一样就可以了,关于用材有实验室来负责所以你大可放心,只要控制施工过程就好了。
施工监管是一个挺难控制的过程,因为现场实际情况有些很特别,所以都不能够完全的按照图纸的来做,这就需要现场的实践经验和施工技能来把握尺度,作为初学者你要多请教一些老师傅,可以听听他们的意见,但是我希望你能注意一点那就是你不懂的东西在现场一定不要乱说,作为监管方如果让施工方发现你什么都不懂,那你就会很难管,也会变着法的糊弄你,所以没有十足的把握就不要轻易的说大话。有时间就多看看《规范》中对施工的要求,你记住吧图纸和《规范》牢牢的捏在手里,再学学一些有经验的老人的经验,才能把工地管理的井井有条,只要依据图纸和《规范》你就没错,具体问题具体对待吧,但是如果偏离的太多了你就要注意了!
看图纸也没有你想象的那么难,多点立体感,熟悉熟悉符号,多琢磨图纸中量的计算,图纸这一块主要是弄清坐标,高程和钢筋数明白就行了。具体的施工操作就靠实践经验了。资料那一块你也大可不必担心,都是非常简单的东西,你填两个就会了,和普通的表格没什么区别。
1、看隧道地质说明,了解是否存在较大地质灾害;
2、看隧道纵坡,了解是否存在反坡排水;
3、看隧道断面面积,指导开挖及出渣方案;
4、看隧道长度,是否设置斜井及平导,编制通风方案;
5、看隧道剖面图,了解穿越围岩等级分类,对应查看不同围岩等级的设计开挖方法,初期支护方式,二次衬砌配筋情况及衬砌砼厚度。
6、看隧道预埋件,过轨管、排水盲管、衬砌压浆管、四电预留接口、综合接地等;
7、看弃渣场设计位置及容量,是否满足施工方便及弃渣虚方量要求;
8、看超前支护方式;
9、看综合洞室预留位置;
10、看关于沉降观测等监控量测要求;
11、...... 还有很多吧,自己看图纸的时候结合现场,直到你觉得这个隧道让你去干,你直到该先干啥后干啥,怎么干,你就达到你领导要求了。其实隧道图纸并不难,施工也不难,我觉得2个月足够
郭敦顒回答:
先学好识图的基础知识,进一步学好工程与工程识图制图方面的专业知识和隧道工程的知识就能全部看懂。
工程图纸都是有其参照系确定其原点的,从而确定坐标,作为隧道自然是有圆弧形的,这涉及到角度,半径等内容…
好多软件的,你在手机应用市场里搜下,中望,浩辰,迷你。。我个人用的CAD快速看图,,因为,CAD迷你看图吧不支持电气暖通给排水,重点是不能标注;浩辰是不显示钢筋符号,不能图纸收藏;中望家的也不显示钢筋符号啥的。。最后还是用的CAD快速看图。。速度很快,批注,照相,语音,,天正图纸也没问题。。你试试
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