七年级下学期英语语法

七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day during the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Chengdu are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, during the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on duty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语
是非第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时变化形式
(
见下表
)
。如：

句式

结构

例句

肯定句

主语＋行为动词原形＋其他

We speak Chinese.

否定句

主语＋don’t＋行为动词原
形＋其他

We don’t speak
Chinese.

一般疑问句

Do
＋主语＋行为动词原形＋
其他？

Do you speak
Chinese?

肯定回答

否定回答

Yes
，主语＋
do
No
，主语＋don’t

Yes, we do.
No, we don’t.

当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下：

(1)
肯定句在行为动词原形后＋
s/es(
其构成方法与名词单数变复数相同
)
。

(2)
否定句用助动词
doesn’t＋动词原形。

(3)
一般疑问句则是把助动词
does
放在句首，
后面动词用原形，
回答时，
肯
定用“Yes，主语＋does.”；否定用“No，主语＋
doesn
’t.”。

句式

结构

例句

肯定句

主语＋行为动词
s/es
＋其
他

She
speaks
Chinese.

否定句

主语＋doesn’t＋行为动
词原形＋其他

She doesn’t speak
Chinese.

一般疑问句

Does
＋主语＋行为动词原
形＋其他？

Does she speak
Chinese?

肯定回答

否定回答

Yes
，主语＋
does
No
，主语＋doesn’t

Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.

九．句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素

(1)
主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词
,
即
I→we, you→you，
she,he,it→ they。如：

She is a girl. →They are girls.

(2)am
，
is
要变为
are
。如：

I’m a student. →We are students.

(3)
不定冠词
a
，
an
要去掉。如：

He is a boy. →They are boys.

(4)
普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：

It is an apple. →They ar
e apples.
(5)
指示代词
this
，
that
要变为
these
，
those
。如：

This is a box. →These are boxes.

十．英语日期的表示法

英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，
它们的首字母必须大写，
并且前面无
需用冠词。

用英语表示日期，
其顺序为月
+
日
+
年，
日和年之间需用逗号隔开。
如：
August
2nd
，
2003(2003
年
8
月
2
日
)
。
也可以用日
+
月
+
年来表示。
如：
10th
May
，
2003(2003
年
5
月
10
日
)
英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词
in
，
若具体到某一天，则需用介词
on
。

①She was born in 1989

②She was born in August.

③She was born in August 1989.

④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.

十一
.
名词复数：

在英语里面，
名词分可数名词
（
countable
noun
）
和不可数名词
（
uncountable
noun
），不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用；可数名词有单复数之
分，一个的前面要用
a
或
an
，
eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an
egg, an ID card
，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下：

(1)
特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记：

child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→women

tooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer

(2)
一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”:

book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons

(3)
以
s
，
x
，
sh
，
ch
结尾的词+“es”

box→boxes，watch→watches

(4)
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的名词去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”

family→families，comedy→comedies

(5)
以
f
或
fe
结尾的词，先去掉
f
或
fe
，改成“v”再加
es
knife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves

十二
.
时间的表达法

(1)
直读式，即直接读出时间数字

7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2)
过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以
30
分为分界线）

1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12
小时制

6:00 a.m.
上午
6
点
8:20 p.m.
下午
8
点
20
分

(4)24
小时制

13:00 13
点钟
22:15 22
点
15
分

(5)15
分可用
quarter
4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)
时间前通常用
at.
at 5 o’clock
at 7:30 p.m.

十三
.
关于时间的问法

(1)
以
when
提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间
点

①When is your birthday?

你的生日是什么时候？

②My birthday is Dec. 29th.

我的生日是
12
月
29
日。

这里就是指一天的时间段

①Whe
n do you go home?
你几点回家？

②I go home at 4:30 p.m.

我下午
4
：
30
回家
.
这里
when
问的是具体的时间。

(2)
具体几点我们通常用
what time
提问

①What time is it now?

现在几点了？
or
What’s the time?

几点
了？

It’s 9:26.

现在九点二十六。

②What time is it by your watch?

你手表几点了？

It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minu
tes late 8:36
，哦，它慢了
50
分钟。

③What time do you get up?

你几点起床？

I get up at 6:00 a.m.
我早上
6
点起床。

十四
. want
用法

(1)
想干什么用
want to do sth
They want to join the sports club.
他们想加入运动俱乐部。

(2)
第三人称单数作主语，
want
要作变化

①He wants to play ba
sketball.
②Li Xia wants to play the piano.

(3)
变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词
do
或
does.
①－
Do
you want
to play soccer
ball ?
－Yes , I
do . / No ,
I don’t.

②－
Does
he
want
to
go
home
by
bus
?
－Yes
,
he
does
.
/
No
,
he
doesn’t