不锈钢是什么材质?

2025-01-14 14:34:55
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

不锈钢是一种防腐和耐高温的合金,它不容易生锈,这与它的组成有很大的关系。不锈钢的成分中除了铁以外,还有铬、镍、铝、硅等。钢加入铬等元素后,就能使钢的结构更均匀,从而改变钢的性能,这样腐蚀物入侵就变得困难,再加上不锈钢表面又附着一层氧化物保护膜,就像给钢铁穿上一件盔甲一样,自然就不容易生锈了。

最先认识到不锈钢具有抗腐蚀性能的是德国的两位科学家蒙纳茨和博尔斯特。蒙纳茨于1911年在德国获得了生产不锈钢的专利。然而说到不锈钢真正的发明者,蒙纳茨似乎比不上英国的冶金学家亨利·布雷尔利。

第一次世界大战期间,布雷尔利受英国政府军部兵工厂委托,研究武器的改进工作。那时,战争需要大量的枪支,但是由于技术条件的限制,士兵们用的步枪膛极易磨损,而且容易生锈。于是,布雷尔利想发明一种不易磨损和生锈的合金钢。后来,他往钢中加入各种各样的元素,做了若干试验。但多次的试验都未获得理想的效果。有一次,他把铬掺入到炼钢的原料里,新材料出来后,外表亮闪闪,十分吸引人。他高兴地把这种钢制成了枪管。可惜,这种钢质地太脆了,在第一次射击试验中,它就“粉身碎骨”了。

布雷尔利在锈蚀的废铁堆中发现,大部分废铁都锈蚀了,只有几块掺入铬的钢管碎片仍然亮晶晶的。这一发现使布雷尔利十分惊喜,他急忙拾回这些“宝贝”详细研究。

亨利·布雷尔利经试验分析发现,这些铬钢任凭日晒雨淋也不易生铸,又不像一般钢铁一样“怕”酸碱。由于铬钢太脆、太贵,不能造枪管,于是布雷尔利把这种不生锈的钢介绍给了一家餐具厂,生产出各种不锈钢刀、叉等,使不锈钢顿时轰动了欧洲。1916年,布雷尔利取得不锈钢的专利,人们也尊称他为“不锈钢之父”。

后来,许多发明家也都做出过重要贡献。法国科学家吉耶和波特万发明了耐高温、抗震的奥氏体不锈钢,用于食品工业领域。1911~1914年,美国的丹齐发明了不锈钢中的另一大类——铁素体不锈钢。现在,不锈钢已发展成为一个合金大家族,品种不下数百种。

回答2:

不锈钢就是合金,根据不同需求,添加不同的金属材料,来达到材料的性能。

回答3:

抗锈蚀很强的钢,Fe外级体,加入Ne,Cr,Ta等,不锈钢有几百种啊?其成分各不同但相近.

回答4:

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