推荐回答(4个)
膏方是一种剂型,一般的慢性病补益方子皆可作成膏方服用。
膏滋:膏滋又称膏方、煎膏剂,是药物的水或醇溶出液经浓缩后,形成的半流体胶稠物。唐代称其为“煎”,明清后习惯称为“膏”或“膏滋”。
膏滋其实就是把很多付草药进行一次性熬制,再浓缩到一定程度,添加或不加蜜糖,冷凝后分次服用。减少了天天熬药的麻烦、节省了时间,且口感好,便于服用。它的制作方法很简单:
首先应将药材打碎,加水或酒浸泡半小时,然后加热煎熬,滤出汁液,反复2~3次,至药物中可溶物质全部溶出为度。再将滤液合并,于小火上徐徐蒸发浓缩至流膏状。有需要烊化的胶类或后下的贵细药材可于此时投入,再根据个人情况,可在药汁中加入适量冰糖、饴糖、蜂蜜,糖尿病患者可加入木糖醇。煮沸,放凉。用瓷罐、瓷钵盛放,有条件的最好于真空袋内存放。
第一,浸泡药材。通常需浸泡12个小时,让药材充分吸饱水分,只有这样,才能将药物中的有效成分都吸附出来
第二,三煎其药。可用家中的高压锅分数次煎煮,每次加水浸没药即可,不必太多,因为此时的药材已经吸饱了水。先煎到沸腾,再改用小火煮20分钟,过滤后取出药液,同时用大小适宜的平底碗压榨出剩余药汁。将药渣加冷水再煎。这样反复三次,合并药液。一般到第三汁时药液已很淡,药渣已如同豆腐渣。整个煎煮过程一般需要3小时
第三,浓缩精华。等煎完"三汁"后,静置沉淀,再用4层纱布过滤3次,尽量减少药液中的杂质。煎出的药液可盛在钢锅等导热快的容器中,用大火煎煮蒸发浓缩,不停搅拌,同时预防溢出,使之逐渐形成稠状。一般需要4个小时左右。小膏方的药汁浓缩后,其量一般在1升左右(按处方大小而定),搅拌时有黏之感,并伴有阻力
第四,加料收膏。在稠膏状的药液中加入收膏用的阿胶粉、鹿角胶粉、鳖甲胶粉(或黄酒烊化)、麦芽糖、冰糖、蜂蜜等,用小火收膏。如果处方中有人参、冬虫夏草等贵重药物,则要另外用小火熬成浓汁或研成细粉,在收膏时调入。自制的膏方同样可以做到"滴水成珠",如果冷却后发现太稀稠,可再加入锅中煮沸蒸发水分。最后,将制成的膏方药盛入密封容器,放入冰箱,即可每日服用。初服每天早晨空腹服一匙,一周后可增至早晚各一匙
膏方具有保健养生的作用,一般要由专业的膏方药剂师制作i有专门的器具和场所,但这并不代表膏方不能自己做,一些简易的保健养生小膏方也是可以在自家厨房里生产的。首先介绍一下制作小膏方的工作流程。自制膏滋药大致可分为四步。
1.浸泡 浸泡之前如果药材看上去灰尘较多,可将纱布垫在淘箩底,将中药材铺在纱布上,用流动的自来水轻轻冲刷,将浮尘冲去即可。再将中药材放人容器具内,加进清水,使药物全部浸没,并使水面高出药物10厘米,浸泡12小时。如果用阿胶,可用黄酒浸泡,将阿胶浸没,直至阿胶软化,再隔水蒸至阿胶全部融化,备用。
2.煎煮 把浸泡后的药物(连同浸泡的水)一起煎煮。第一遍先用武火(大火)煎到沸腾,然后用文火(小火)再慢慢煎煮一个小时。取出药汁后,将药渣再加进清水煎沸,然后,再用文火煎煮一小时,过滤取出药液。
再将药渣加冷水如上法煎煮第二遍共40分钟,过滤取出药液。如药材量多可再煎第三遍,最后将药渣弃去,将前后三次所取得的药汁融合在一起,倒进网滤罩中再一次把药渣滤出,再将药汁静置沉淀,取出上面清液,放进砂锅,同时留出一部分清液待收膏时烊糖用。把清液放在文火上煎煮2~3小时,撇去煮煎药汁时的白沫,煎煮成浓汁。
3.收膏 将冰糖400~500克(也可用元贞糖等)放入铁锅内翻炒加热,不能焦枯滞结,直至糖溶化。再将先前留出的部分药汁清液倒人其中,烊成糖浆。再把药液浓汁加糖浆、融化的阿胶等胶质混合在一起,用文火慢慢煎熬,并用器具不断搅动,使其充分调和。如果处方中有人参、冬虫夏草等贵重药物,则要另外用小火熬成浓汁或研成细粉,在收膏时调入。最后药汁、胶质和糖浆就浓缩成膏滋药了。
4.离火 自然冷却放进瓷罐或砂锅里存放,若用砂锅存放,砂锅底最好抹一层麻油。不能用金属锅、罐存放,以免引起化学反应。放置冰箱冷藏,初服每天早晨空腹服一匙,一周后可增至早晚各一匙。
首先是配料。通常是经过老中医的全面诊断处定的膏方,先采用汤剂处方诊治服用一段时间,确定有效后,再拟定膏方剂量。然后是浸泡。将配制药物和匀后,放入特定器皿加冷水浸泡12小
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