推荐回答(2个)
雏 菊学名:Bellis perennis 别名:延命菊、春菊、马兰头花科属:菊科,雏菊属形态特征:多年生宿根草本花卉作一、二年生栽培。株高10~20cm,茎叶光滑或具短茸毛。叶基部簇生,长匙形或倒卵形,边缘具皱齿。花茎自叶丛中央抽出,头状花序单生于茎顶,高出叶面,花径3.5~8cm。舌状花一轮或多轮,有白、粉、蓝、红、粉红、深红或紫色,筒状花黄色。有单性小花全为筒状花的品种。花期暖地2~3月,寒地4~5月。瘦果,种子扁平状。生态习性:雏菊喜冷凉、湿润和阳光充足的环境。较耐寒,地表温度不低于3~4℃条件下可露地越冬,但重瓣大花品种的耐寒力较差。对土壤要求不严,在肥沃、富含有机质、湿润、排水良好的沙质壤土上生长良好,不耐水湿。花后种子陆续成熟,以5月采种为宜,种子发芽力可保持3年。繁殖:雏菊常用播种繁殖。一般采用撒播法,南方多在秋季8~9月播种,10月下旬移入阳畦越冬。翌年4月下旬定植,株行距12cm×15cm。也可春播,但往往夏季生长不良。北方多在春季播种,也可秋播,但在冬季花苗需移入温室进行栽培管理。在夏凉冬暖地区,通过调节播种期,可达到周年供花的目的。种子发芽适温22~28℃,播后7~10天出苗。由于实生苗变异较大,往往不能保持母本特性,对一些优良品种可采用分株法繁殖:,但生长势不如实生苗,且结实差。分株可在秋季进行,把一盆植株分割成数丛,然后直接上盆养护,也可以利用一些越冬的宿根在春季萌发前进行分株。栽培管理:雏菊播种后长出2~3片真叶时可移栽一次,5片真叶时定植。在生长季节要给予充足肥水,花前约每隔15d追一次肥,使开花茂盛,花期也可延长。夏季炎热天气往往生长不良,甚至枯死。园林应用:雏菊植株矮小,花期较长,色彩丰富,优雅别致,是装饰花坛、花带、花境的重要材料,或用来装点岩石园。在条件适宜的情况下,可植于草地边缘,也可盆栽装饰台案、窗几、居室。
1、8月中旬或9月初于露地苗床播种繁殖。
2、播种后,宜用苇帘遮荫,不可用薄膜覆盖。
3、幼苗出齐,撤去帘子。
4、长出二、三片叶时第一次分植,裸根不带宿土,畦地土壤需湿润,浇水要及时,必要时苇帘遮荫分苗两三天后,土壤干燥时可再浇—次水。
5、两天后松土保墒蹲苗。待幼苗生出3一4片真叶时,带土坨移植一两次,可促发大量侧根,防止徒长。畦内施适量基肥。来年株形矮壮,抗逆性强,花大丰满色艳。
6、10月底浇一次透水,当畦土不粘不散时,起坨囤人阳畦越冬,晚间盖蒲席防寒。
7、雏菊越冬耐冷凉,但怕严霜和风干。蒲席的薄厚和盖撤时间早晚,视花苗长势和天气冷暖灵活掌握,以防徒长和有效地控制花期。
8、秋季经过一两次移植的,春季可在见花时直接定植花坛。秋季分苗后未经倒畦移植过的,春季宜在加足基肥的畦地养护成型后,入花坛定植或出圃上市。
9、定植时,施腐叶肥或厩作底肥,株距15厘米。定植后,宜每7一10天浇水一次。
10、施肥不必过勤,每隔2--3周施一次稀薄粪水,每月中耕1次,待2月开花后,停止施肥。
另:雏菊生长期喜阳光充足,不耐阴。雏菊秋播促壮后,如果没有分苗移植,可在10月底将苗起出,分开,根丛稍带一点宿土,然后抓—把事先准备好的含腐殖质多而稍粘的湿润肥沃土壤,把—两株苗放在壤土中心攥紧成坨,依次囤入阳畦,喷雾保湿,以促须根旺发,株小茁壮,来春直接定植花坛或上市出售不易萎蔫。
小窍门:雏菊在夏季炎热时期开花不良,易枯死,如掘起移植凉爽处,待秋季仍能重新开花。
备注:雏菊品种易退化,应优选采种。采种时要将整个花割取晒干,收好待用。
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