推荐回答(3个)
你如果说的是文章,碑刻的话,请提供更加详细一点的信息 琅琊石刻是独具特色的临沂地方工艺品。
临沂市内优质石材甚多,主要有燕子石、金星石、徐公石、薛南山石、紫金石等。这些石材除各具特色外,均有质地莹润、坚而不顽、纹理奇特、色彩柔和等特点。用这些石材雕刻的工艺品,称为琅邪石刻(因秦汉时临沂为琅琊郡,故名)。琅琊石刻品种繁多,有文房用品、茶具、酒具、花鸟虫鱼、飞禽走兽、花插盆景等。
燕子石是一种古生物三叶虫化石,石中有燕子或蝙蝠图案,具有金色光泽。以其刻制的工艺品称“燕子石刻”,特点是燕子和蝙蝠图案栩栩如生,图案大小不等,姿态千变万化,颜色青、灰、褐、黄各异。作品既有生动逼真、妩媚秀丽的自然之美,又有浑厚粗犷、古朴清雅的艺术之风。
金星石有金星布列其上,以其制成的石砚似无月天空繁星点缀,故称“金星砚”,又因其产地属书圣王羲之的故乡——琅琊郡,亦称“羲之乡砚”。特点是使用润而不滑,下墨快,不损笔,宜于书写、绘画,时在酷暑,墨汁不易干涸,为砚之上品。
徐松石形态各异,色泽多样。自然形态多呈平饼状,边有细碎石乳和纵横交叉垂直石纹,色泽有青、黄、绿、褐、茶、桔红等,偶有一石数色,且极调和,非人工所能为。石质软硬适度,以其制成的石砚称“徐公砚”,具有质细、发墨、音冷、色纯之特点,为鲁砚之佳品,砚中墨汁在零下4摄氏度不结冰。
琅琊石刻历史悠久,源远流长。临沂汉墓中出土的燕子石挂饰等文物证明,早在汉代就有人开始用燕子石制砚和壁饰等工艺品。北宋时代,以晋代临沂籍大书法家王羲之命名的“右军砚”,即为琅琊紫金石所制,备受文人墨客所推崇。
李斯,字通右,楚上蔡人(今河南上蔡县),他不仅是秦代著名的书法家,而是中国书法史上有记载的第一个创新者。对汉字书法的发展起了先驱作用。秦始皇统一国家后,臣相李斯主持统一全国文字,这在中国文化史上是一伟大功绩。李斯同时也是秦著名书法家。他主持整理出了小篆。《绎山石刻》《泰山石刻》《琅琊石刻》《会稽石刻》即为李斯所书。历代都有极高的评价。秦朝书法家李斯作品欣赏:峄山刻石 原石已被后来曹操登山时毁掉,但留下了碑文。今天所见到的是根据五代南唐徐铉的摹本由宋代人所刻,现藏在西安碑林里,但与琅邪、泰山相较,仍不免有「优孟衣冠」之诮,其他的就更不用说了。但秦代的遗本已然很少,即使如此亦不能轻易舍去不用,笔画略细而匀整,且多用圆笔,字体呈方形,表现圆浑流丽之风格,确与琅邪等异趣。 泰山刻石释文:臣斯臣去疾御史大臣昧死言臣请具刻诏书金石刻因明白矣臣昧死请。 泰山秦刻石,今尚存残石合嵌一处,只九字半,在山东泰安岱庙。其书法是标准小篆书体。 传世以安国本为最佳,存字亦多。
琅琊台刻石 秦始皇二十八年(公元前219年),始皇东巡所到之处多立石刻碑,以宣扬他的统一业绩。李斯为之书《琅琊台刻石》《泰山刻石》和《峄山刻石》。刻石为标准体,孙过庭《书谱》说“篆尚婉而通”。李斯被人们视为“小篆极则”。王澍评其书法“笔法敦古,于简易中正有浑朴之气,不许人以轻心掉之。”清杨守敬跋《琅琊台刻石》说:“嬴秦之迹,惟此巍然,虽磨泐最甚,而古厚之气自在,信为无上神品。”故颇为世重。
维廿八年,皇帝作始。端平法度,万物之纪。以明人事,合同父子。圣智仁义,显白道理。东抚东土,以省卒士。事已大华,乃临于海。皇帝之功,勤劳本事。上农除末,黔首是富。普天之下,抟心揖志。器械一量,同书文字。日月所照,舟舆所载,皆终其命,莫不得意。应时动事,是维皇帝。匡饬异俗,陵水经地。忧恤黔首,朝夕不懈。除疑定法,咸知所辟。方伯分职,诸治经易。举错必当,莫不如画。皇帝之明,临察四方。尊卑贵贱,不逾次行。奸邪不容,皆务贞良。细大尽力,莫敢怠荒。远迩辟隐,专务肃庄。端直敦忠,事业有常。皇帝之德,存定四极。诛乱除害,兴利致福。节事以时,诸产繁殖。黔首安宁,不用兵革。六亲相保,终无寇贼。欢欣奉教,尽知法式。六合之内,皇帝之土,西涉流沙,南尽北户。东有东海,北过大夏。人迹所至,无不臣者。功盖五帝,泽及牛马。莫不受德,各安其宇。
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