英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at….
如:look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语)
look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语)
at是小范围 in是大范围
如:
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
分清及物不及物动词:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
�① 不及物动词不能带宾语,但可以有状语。如:I get up at six in the morning. 只能用作不及物动词的词主要有:come, go, look, sit, stand, jump, leave, run, stay, swim, work, talk, cry, feel, last, laugh, live, rain, rest, shine, snow, wait, arrive, walk, cost, dance, die, lie, happen, sleep, travel, hurry 等。
② 有些动词可以兼做及物动词和不及物动词;有的意思相同,有的不同。speak 表示“说话,演讲”时,是不及物动词,表示“讲……语”,是及物动词。在初中课本中此类“四会词”有:stop, agree, break, change, cut, decide, dig, draw, fail, grow, join, mind, pay, begin, cook, drink, speak, teach, worry, blow, climb, hear, keep, learn, move, phone, pull, push, reach, ring, shout, smile, try 等。
③ 有些不及物动词加适当的介词后,可以接宾语,除look(at), listen(to) 外,还有look
up, look after, look for, look over, look like, laugh at, wait for, arrive at (in), knock at 等。
listen(to), look(at), wait(for), happen(to/in/on), go(to), come(to), talk(to/with/about) , arrive(at/in), lie(in), travel(to), sit(at/in), fall(into), run(to)等等,还有 fly,stand, speak, walk等通常也是不及物动词,但在特定情况下也能作及物动词。
书后面应该有单词表,看词性:V 动词 Vt 及物动词 Vi 不及物动词
至于例子吗?你还是自己找吧,这样对英语学习也有帮助,加强记忆。
不及物动词,就是动词后面不能直接加名词,要加介词后在加名词。如GO TO SHCOOL
动词 介词 名词
及物动词,就是动词后面可直接加名词,如 READ BOOKS
动词 名词