刘白羽笔下,瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡各有什么特点?作者在描写时又分别运用了哪些表现手法?

2025-04-07 06:37:02
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

1.瞿塘峡的雄奇,巫峡的奇秀,西陵峡的险恶。 2.在描写瞿塘峡时,用杜甫的《夔州歌》和古时歌谣,采用引用的表现手法,充分展现其险要气势。 在描写巫峡时,引用神女峰传说,使文章充满诗情画意,丰富了文章内容。由点及面,由分到总的顺序。第三段中美丽的景物描写,衬托出巫峡的俊秀特点。 在描写西陵峡时,引用杜诗和传说,写出西陵峡漩涡之多,描写出险恶的特点。最后一句中用比喻手法,充分显示了它的狭窄以及礁石之多。

回答2:

作者写瞿塘峡:“峰峦刚刚从黑夜中显露出一片灰蒙蒙的轮廓”,气象雄浑;“只见前边两面悬崖绝壁”,气势雄奇;“万水奔腾,冲进峡口,便直奔巨礁而来,你可想象得到那真是雷霆万钧”,气魄雄伟。这些都紧扣文眼中的“雄伟”,这是壮美。吴德旋在《古月楼古文绪论》中说:“文章之道,刚柔相济。”作者依照这一美学原理,于是转笔写柔:“乌沉沉的云雾突然隐去,峡顶上一道蓝天,浮着几小片金色浮云,一注阳光像闪电样落在左边峭壁上,右面峰顶上白云像银片样发亮了,但阳光还没有降临。这时,远远前方,层峦叠嶂之上,迷蒙云雾之中,忽然出现一团红雾。你看,绛紫色的山峰衬托着一团雾,真美极了,就像那深谷之中反射出红色宝石的闪光,令人仿佛进入了神话境界。这时,你朝江流上望去,也是色彩缤纷:两面巨崖,倒影如墨;……近处山峦,则碧绿如翡翠。”文中用浓墨重彩极写峡顶上、江流上的“色彩缤纷”,突出了文眼中的“瑰丽”,这是优美。�如果说瞿塘峡的壮美与优美是分层描写的话,那巫峡的壮美与优美则是合写的,如“抬头望处,已是巫山。上面的阳光垂照下来,下面的浓雾滚涌上去,云蒸霞蔚,颇为壮观。”“阳光”、“雾”、“云”、“霞”,这些都是属于阴柔范畴的景物,但在“雾”前加了“浓”,在后加了动词“滚涌”,在“云”、“霞”后加了动词“蒸”、“蔚”,便使景物由静变动,由优美变为壮美,这时刚柔便融为一体了。又如写第一峰:“山如斧削,隽秀婀娜。”前者是刚健,后者是柔媚,这正是苏轼讲的“刚健含婀娜”的那种刚柔相济的美。又如写巫山十二峰的诗意:“突然是深灰色的石岩从高空直垂而下,浸入江心,令人想到一个巨大的惊叹号;突然是绿茸茸的草坂,像一支充满幽情的乐曲。”前者令人恐怖、惊惧,这是壮美的最高效果;后者令人愉悦、陶醉,这是优美的本质特征。二者合而为一,令人张而后弛,其乐无穷。又如“山影云影,日光水光,交织成一片”,这时的壮美优美也自然融为一体了。刚柔相济,能创造出一种完美的意境,能提升作品的审美价值,能给读者以多层面的艺术享受。�写西陵峡:“处处是急流,处处是险滩。”两个“处处”,表明只有壮美可写,而无优美可言,但这难不倒高明的作者:“这一节虽然险,却流传着无数优美的传说。”没有优美的景物,却有优美的传说,真是异想天开!这“无数优美的传说”,不仅给西陵峡创造出一个刚柔相济的完美的艺术境界,也给全文独具匠心的构思画上了一个圆满的句号。�刘白羽先生的《长江三峡》,它不像一般山水游记写景物的“各自特点”,而是用审美的眼光,从美学的角度来写三峡的共同的美——雄伟而瑰丽,来写它的壮美与优美的映衬美,和谐美。从文中点出“壮观”、“壮美”看,作者突出三峡的壮美是明显的;从文中写“色彩”用墨如泼、写西陵峡以优美传说作替补看,作者强调三峡优美的意图也是显而易见的。有刚有柔,雄伟瑰丽。

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