桥梁支座安装完成后需要更换吗

2025-04-07 23:15:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

桥梁支座是由多层橡胶与钢板,经过化学工艺硫化沾粘而成的橡胶缓冲件。因为早些时期的装置与规划的不到位,和多年通行发生的危害,例如:重车就是一个直接损坏桥梁支座的原因。车辆的严峻超载,把本应跨冲桥梁的橡胶支座,直接压死,这样就失去了它正本的效果,这样久而久之,桥梁支座一直处在负荷效果下,使橡胶支座的位移和剪切失去效果,得到损坏。
所以针对现在社会的开展,大型车辆的增加,施工部分也要依据实践状况,对桥梁进行实地检测,进行桥梁的加固和桥梁支座的替换。
1 桥梁支座装置作业过程中应考虑下列首要危险源、危害要素:
(1) 墩顶未设置栏杆、步梯等安全防护设备。
(2) 支座在墩顶寄存时固定不牢。
(3) 选用的千斤顶不符合施工要求。
(4) 顶落梁时违规操作
(5) 施工现场疲惫作业。
(6) 支座装置无防风办法;冬季无防滑办法。
2 支座装置前,墩顶及支座锚栓孔中的积雪、冰冻、积水和其他杂物应整理洁净,并采纳必要的防滑办法。支座在墩顶寄存时,要固定牢固。
3 吊运支座时,墩顶作业人员应待支座稳定后再扶正就位。人工抬运支座时,应协调一致,防止挤压手脚。
4 简支梁梁体吊装架设前,应先将支座装置在预制梁的底部。上支座板与梁底预埋钢板间不得有空地。箱梁支座下的灌浆强度到达20MPa后,拧紧下支座板锚栓,并撤消各支座上、下衔接钢板及螺栓,再撤消暂时千斤顶。
5 顶落梁所用的油压千斤顶均须附有球形支撑垫、稳妥圈、升程限孔。一起效果的多台千斤顶应选用同一类型,并用油管并联。油压千斤顶、油泵、油管、压力表等在运用前应别离进行实验。
6 运用千斤顶顶梁安放支座时,应及时落梁到支座,严禁长期用千斤顶支承梁体。
7 顶落梁时,应有稳妥设备,随着活塞起落及时安放或撤消。两端支点不得一起起落。施顶或纵横移时,应缓慢平稳,各道工序应派专人查看,统一指挥。
1)桥梁结构因为结构失效或损害,经评价不能满意结构安全或正常运用要求时,有必要进行加固。加固规划的内容及范围,应依据评价定论和托付方提出的要求断定,能够包含全体桥梁,也能够是指定的区段或特定的构件。
2)树立既有桥梁修理、加固、重建的经济剖析模型,经过剖析比较,挑选技能可行、经济合理、对现有交通搅扰较小的计划,以保证改造后的桥梁能安全运营。
3)依据需求改造桥梁的评价定论及经济剖析,当得知现有桥梁能够经过加固、修理到达运用要求的定论后,再提出桥梁加固的规划计划。
4)关于大桥、特大桥,其首要承重构件需求加固补强时,加固规划计划应不少于两个,以便进行计划比选和经济评价,挑选*的加固计划。
5)加固规划及施工应尽量不损坏原结构,保存具有利用价值的构件,防止不必要的撤消或替换。
6)加固规划应与施工办法紧密结合,并采纳有效办法保证新、旧结构衔接牢靠,可协同作业。
7)加固规划应按结构的实践损坏状况进行核算。
8)在加固施工中,应尽可能削减对桥上和桥下的通行车辆及行人的搅扰,应采纳必要的办法,削减对周围环境的污染。
9)在加固施工过程中,若发现原结构或相关工程的隐蔽部位有严峻的结构缺点时,应立即中止施工,会同加固计划规划人员进行研究,待修改加固计划后,方能继续施工。
10)加固施工中,应采纳安全监测办法,保证人员及结构安全。

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