廉颇蔺相如列传的全部有关知识点。

廉颇蔺相如列传的全部有关知识点。
2025-04-06 03:17:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

通假字
1.君不如肉袒伏斧质请罪。“质”通“锧”,砧板。
2.可予不。“不”通“否”,表疑问语气。
3.拜送书于庭。“庭”通“廷”,朝廷,国君听政的朝堂。
4.召有司案图。“案”通“按”,审查、察看。
5.设九宾礼于廷。“宾”通“傧”,古代指接引宾客的人,也指赞礼的人。
6.秦自缪公以来二十余君,未尝有坚明约束者也。“缪”通“穆”。
7.唯大王与群臣孰计议之。“孰”通“熟”,仔细。
8.为一击缻。“缻”通“缶”,盛酒浆的瓦器,秦人敲打盆缻作为唱歌时的节拍。
9.详为予赵城。“详”通“佯”,假装。
一词多义

  ①赵王窃闻秦王善为琴声(演奏)
②为赵宦者令缪贤舍人(是)
③卒相与欢,为刎颈之交(成为)
④而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳(作为)
⑤拜为上卿(担当)
  负
①秦贪,负其强(倚仗,凭借)
②臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵(辜负,对不起)
③相如度秦王虽斋,决负约不偿城(违背)
④均之二策,宁许以负秦曲(使……承担)
⑤廉颇闻之,肉袒负荆(背着)
使
①秦昭王闻之,使人遗赵王书(派)
②其人勇士,有智谋,宜可使(出使)
③乃使其从者衣褐(让)
④大王乃遣一介之使(使臣)

①以勇气闻于诸侯(在)
②君幸于赵王(被)
③故燕王欲结于君(和)
④归璧于赵(到)
⑤赵岂敢留璧而得罪于大王乎(引出对象,无意义)

①引赵使者蔺相如(引见,延请)
②左右或欲引相如去(拉)
③相如引车避匿(牵,拉;这里引申为调转)
④君子引而不发,跃如也(拉引)

①秦城恐不可得,徒见欺(白白地)
②而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳(只,只不过)

①大王亦幸赦臣(幸好,幸而)
②而君幸于赵王(宠幸)
③则幸得脱矣(侥幸)

①以勇气闻于诸侯(凭)
②愿以十五城请易璧(用,拿)
③严大国之威以修敬也(来,连词)
④则请立太子为王,以绝秦望(用以,用来)
⑤吾所以为此者,以先国家之急而后私仇也(因为)
⑥传以示美人及左右(连词,连接“传”与“示”)

①逆强秦之欢(欢心)
②绝秦赵之欢(交情)

①相如顾召赵御史书曰(回头)
②顾吾念之(只是)

①其势必不敢留君(一定,必然)
②王必无人(如果)

①相如因持璧却立(趁机)
②因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪(通过)
③不如因而厚遇之(趁此,由此)
④因跪请秦王(于是,就)

①廉颇蔺相如列传(一种文体)
②舍相如广成传(传舍,宾馆)
③传以示美人及左右(传递)
④和氏璧天下所共传宝也(传颂)

①臣尝从大王与燕王会境上(跟从)
②臣从其计,大王亦幸赦臣(听从)

①今君乃亡赵走燕,燕畏赵(竟然)
②乃前曰(于是,就)
③设九宾于廷,臣乃敢上璧(才)

①唯大王与群臣孰计议之(同“熟”,仔细)
②公之视廉将军孰与秦王(谁,哪一个)

①以勇气闻于诸侯(闻名)
②寡人窃闻赵王好音(听说)

①且庸人尚羞之(即便)
②北山有愚公者,年且九十(将近)

①怒发上冲冠(向上)
②臣乃敢上璧(献上)
古今异义
⑴拜为上卿(拜:古义指授予官职;任命。今义指下跪叩头;祝贺)
⑵欲勿予,即患秦兵之来(患:古义指忧虑,担心。今义指害病;灾祸)
⑶请以秦之咸阳为赵王寿(寿:古义指向人献物以祝人长寿。今义指年岁,生命;生日)
⑷臣所以去亲戚而事君者(去:古义指离开。今义指除掉,减掉,已过的,特指刚过去的一年)
(亲戚:古义指父母兄弟。今义指与自己有血缘或婚姻关系的人)
⑸请指示王(指示:古义指给……看。今义指上对下指导、命令)
⑹于是相如前进缶(前进:古义指上前进献。今义指向前发展进步)
⑺宣言曰:我见相如,必辱之(宣言:古义指扬言,到处说。今义指国家、政党、团体或领导人对重大问题公开表态以进行宣传号召的文告)
⑻布衣之交(布衣:古义指平民。今义指麻布衣服)
⑼左右欲刃(左右:古义指左右的侍从。今义指左和右两方面)
⑽鄙贱之人,不知将军宽之至(鄙贱:古义指粗野而又地位低微,谦词。今义指鄙视,轻视)
⑾秦自缪公以来二十余君,未尝有坚明约束者也。(约束:古义为名词,约定、契约。今义指限制使不越出范围。)
⑿传以示美人及左右(美人:姬妾今义:美女)
⒀"明年复攻赵"("明年":古义指第二年今义指(将来的)"明年")
⒁指从此以往十五都予赵(以往:古义从这里到那里今义指以前)
⒂窃计欲亡赵走燕 (窃:古义私下里今义指偷东西 走:古义指逃走今义指走路)
⒃不如因而厚遇之(厚遇:古义好好招待今义优厚的待遇)
⒄因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪(古义:门客 今义:客人

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