推荐回答(2个)
李逵:憨厚之中有凶蛮。武松:强壮之中有威猛。林冲:英武之中有文雅。
《水浒传》中的人物绰号各有特色,而且当中有不少是可以分门别类的。施耐庵为《水浒传》中的人物设计绰号的确是很花心思的。一直认为施耐庵创作《水浒传》是根据《大宋宣和遗事》为蓝本的。如果的确是这样的话,《大宋宣和遗事》当中只是记载了三十六人的故事,而《宋史》也只是提及到“淮南盗宋江等犯淮阳军,遣将讨捕,又犯京东江北,入楚海州界。命知州张叔夜招降之。”“宋江寇东京,侯蒙上书言:‘江以三十六人横行齐、魏,官军数万无敢抗者,其才必过人,今清溪盗起,不若赦江,使讨方腊以自赎’。”18由此可见,宋江等三十六人是历史上有记载之人。但与《水浒传》中的人物有所出入,例如姓名不一样,出身也不一样。施耐庵能在这一有限的基础上揉合了宋元话本、明传奇、戏曲、民间说书人关于这一方面的故事资料,博取各家之长,创作出《水浒传》中的108位好汉,这是难能可贵的。尤其是他在前人的基础上,给这108位好汉设计了惟妙惟肖的绰号。至于他创作108位好汉这个数目,应该是故事情节的需要(上应天数,三十六天罡,七十二地煞)。不过,无论如何,施耐庵笔下的这些人物绰号是很有特色的,但它们之间却有共通之处的。下面举例说明一下我在这方面研究归纳出来的一些结果。 (1) 以动物名称为绰号的:共十一虎、六龙、两蛇、一麒麟、一雕、一狮、一鳄、一鹏、三豹、一兽、一蜃、一猿、一犬、一鼠、一蝎、一龟、一蚤。 他们分别是:十一“虎”:跳涧虎陈达、插翅虎雷横、锦毛虎燕顺、矮脚虎王英、青眼虎李云、笑面虎朱富、花项虎龚旺、中箭虎丁得孙、母大虫顾大嫂、病大虫薛永、金眼彪施恩(彪指小虎,中国古代小说第一个以“彪”为绰号出现的就是《水浒传》19) 六“龙”:入云龙公孙胜、九纹龙史进、混江龙李俊、出林龙邹渊、独角龙邹润、出洞蛟童威(蛟是龙的一种)。 三“豹”:豹子头林冲、锦豹子杨林、金钱豹子汤隆;两“蛇”:白花蛇杨春、双头蛇解珍;一“麒麟”:玉麒麟卢俊义(麒麟既是“花石纲”中的名石,也是民间瑞兽,上文已叙);一“雕”:扑天雕李应;一“狮”:火眼狻猊邓飞(狻猊指狮子);一“鳄”:旱地忽律朱贵(忽律是古人对鳄的称谓);一“鹏”:摩云金翅欧鹏(金翅古指大鹏鸟);一“兽”:青面兽杨志;一“蜃”:翻江蜃童猛(蜃指巨蛤,也有说是蛟的一种);一“猿”:通臂猿侯健;一“犬”:金毛犬段景住;一“鼠”:白日鼠白胜;一“蝎”:双尾蝎解宝;一“龟”:九尾龟陶宗旺;一蚤:鼓上蚤时迁。 (2) 以人物形体特征为绰号的:如花和尚鲁智深(其绰号因其身刺有花绣而得名);九纹龙史进(因身有九龙花绣而得名)豹子头林冲(因其貌似张飞且武艺超群为众之首而得名);赤发鬼刘唐(发色焦黄而得名);病关索杨雄、病尉迟孙新(皆因脸色微黄而得名);锦豹子杨林(因其头圆耳大且衣着华丽似锦绣而得名);一丈青扈三娘(因其身材修长姣好且貌美而得名,一丈青是宋时形容美貌女子的俗语20);花项虎龚旺(因其颈脖有花绣而得名)火眼狻猊邓飞(因其双睛红赤而得名);美髯公朱仝(因有长须及腹而得名);白面郎君郑天寿(因其脸色白皙而得名);玉幡竿孟康(因其高大白净而得名);鬼脸儿杜兴(因其面容丑陋而得名);金钱豹子汤隆(因其脸有麻子而得名);金毛犬段景住(因其赤发红须而得名);紫髯伯皇甫端(因其生得碧眼重瞳黄须、貌似番人而得名);一枝花蔡庆(因在头上插一枝花作装饰而得名);浪里白条张顺(因全身肤色雪白且熟水性得名)。 (3) 以武器为绰号的:双鞭呼延灼、轰天雷凌振、金枪手徐宁、大刀关胜、双枪将董平、没羽箭张清。 (4) 以神怪星宿名为绰号的:云里金刚宋万、赤发鬼刘唐、立地太岁阮小二、短命二郎阮小五,活阎罗阮小七、操刀鬼曹正、母夜叉孙二娘、独火星孔亮、毛头星孔明、铁笛仙马麟、八臂哪吒项充、混世魔王樊瑞、飞天大圣李衮、井木犴郝思文、丧门神鲍旭、险道神郁保四、催命判官李立、活闪婆(电母)王定六。 (5) 以人物性格为绰号:急先锋索超、霹雳火秦明、没遮拦穆弘、小遮拦穆春、浪子燕青、没面目焦挺、黑旋风李逵。 (6) 以人物职业或所擅长技能为绰号的:菜园子张青(因其是种庄稼出身的汉子);船火儿张横(他是梢公,宋时称从事这行业的为船火儿);神行太保戴宗(江州两院押牢节级,因其行走得快,并有“神行甲马”,多负责传递书信,由于戴宗打扮似庙祝,且有异术,宋时称这类人为太保21);圣手书生萧让(善临摹书法);玉臂匠金大坚(善纂刻);神算子蒋敬(善计算);铁面孔目裴宣(落草前当过办案孔目);铁叫子乐和(善歌唱,“叫子”是古代娱乐小器具22);丑郡马宣赞(他力气大且勇猛,曾徒手格虎保护圣驾被封为郡马)林冲
豹子头林冲,在梁山泊英雄中排行第六,马
军五虎将第二。早年是东京八十万禁
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