举个例,What he said so many years ago is so true today in this information age.他许多年前说过的话在今天这个信息时代仍是这般地正确。What he said so many years ago充当整个句子的主语,即你说的what引导的主语从句,what在从句中又作什么成分呢?显然是作宾语,说的内容对不对?就是说,引导词是看从句,它首先得保证从句是个完整正确的句子!what是个名词性的,充当主语或宾语,上面的例子是作宾语,再举个作主语的例子:What has been done is not important.
what引导的名词性从句中从句谓语动词的单复数情况:
what后面“什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数”根据动词后面的名词的单复数来定.
2.what引导的名词性从句做主语时,主句谓语动词的单复数情况:
(1)What在从句中做主语,主句谓语由what从句谓语决定。
1) What he’d like most for a birthday present is a camera.
(2)what在从句中做宾语,主句谓语由主句表语/宾语决定what they want are XX,XX&XX。
2) What his father left him are a few English books.
what可以单独引导主语从句,而which后面要有名词。比较一下:
what do you want doesn't matter to me。你想要什么,对我来说不重要。
which car do you like doesn't matter to me。which后面有car这个名词。你喜欢哪辆车对我来说不重要。
连接代词、连接副词和复合词引导主语从句时,本身有词义,在从句中往往充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等,从句的语序用陈述句语序。例如:
What he needs is that book. (what 在主句中作need 的宾语)
what和which同为连接代词,两者都可在主语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。what在从句中有意义,什么。而which也有意义,哪一个。
例如:It is by no means clear——the president can do to end the strike.
A.how B.which
C.that D.what
分析:考查名词性从句的引导词。句中it是形式主语,主语从句中缺少do的宾语,故选择what作为主语从句的引导词且充当从句中谓语动词do的宾语。
例如:_book you borrrow, you must return it in a week.
A.that B.what
C.which D.why
分析:borrow sb sth,缺少宾语,排除why,that.因为why作状语,that在句子成分完整时作主语,又因为句子中没有意义。what不符合句义,不能说‘’你借哪个书‘’,所以本题选C.