桃细菌性穿孔病的为害症状及发病原因是什么?

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2025-04-07 14:57:43
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

为害症状:主要为害叶片,其次也为害果实和新梢。叶片发病,初为水渍状浅褐色小斑点,其周围伴有黄绿色晕环,以后逐渐扩展为近圆形的红褐色病斑,有时数个病斑相连成一个大斑。若日光温室内空气湿度过大,在病叶背面病斑上常溢出黄色黏质状菌脓。最终,病斑干枯,其边缘产生一圈裂纹,病斑脱落后,叶片形成穿孔,穿孔边缘一般破碎且不整齐,有时残留部分组织坏死。发病严重时,病叶早期脱落。

果实发病,初期产生水渍状褐色小圆斑,随着病斑的扩展,逐渐呈暗紫色并稍凹陷。空气湿度大时,病部常溢出黄色黏状物。最后,病斑干枯并开裂,裂口深时有的病果易腐烂。

新梢发病,会形成两种类型的病斑。一是春季溃疡斑,发生在上一年夏季长出的枝条上(病菌在前一年已经侵入),从春季展叶开始,枝条上形成近圆形深褐色的小疱疹,以后逐渐扩展成长椭圆形的病斑,最终,病部凹陷,表皮干裂,病情严重时会造成新梢枯死。二是夏季溃疡斑,多于夏末发生在当年生嫩枝上,形成水渍状暗紫色斑点,病斑不易扩展,会很快干枯。

发病原因:桃细菌性穿孔病的病原是细菌中的黄单孢杆菌。病菌在病枝皮层组织内越冬,可存活1年之久。当日光温室升温后第一批桃叶出现时,潜伏的细菌即开始活动,形成春季溃疡斑,成为主要初侵染源。到桃树盛花期,病菌溢出并开始传播,病菌主要通过水滴飞溅、气流和农事操作等途径传播,并经叶片的气孔和果实及枝条的皮孔等自然孔口侵入。空气湿度高是细菌性穿孔病发生的重要条件。土壤黏重、偏施氮肥、树势衰弱、日光温室内栽培密度过大、通风透光不好等均利于该病发生。

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