推荐回答(2个)
裂果可能发生的原因:
1、水分供应不均,突遇大水
果树在膨果期间,前期土壤过于干旱,突遇大雨或浇大水,空气中水分突然增多,造成果肉生长速度加快,果皮生长速度跟不上导致裂果。
果肉的吸收能力比果皮强,当土壤中或空气中的水分失调时,由于水分的突然变化,果肉迅速吸收膨大,会压迫果皮,果皮生长速度跟不上就会产生裂果。
2、膨大期间使用药剂不当
在膨大期,有些会选择一定的膨大药剂,如果使用量把握不准,使用过量会造成果皮变薄,容易裂果。
这里建议尽量减少膨大药剂使用,选择安全的高磷钾含量的水溶肥或冲施肥辅助膨大,这样能避免因药量多大或多小可能会出现问题的发生。

3、营养元素供应不协调
在果树生长期间,钙肥的缺失,会造成细胞壁韧性不够,果实脆弱,造成裂果问题。钙肥又是个不易运输的元素,所以也会出现补钙却还是缺钙的现象,这种问题可以添加硼肥,和钙肥一起使用。因为硼肥可以促进钙肥的吸收,如果是络合好的硼钙肥,则会解决钙的移动和硼的吸收问题。这样硼钙肥补充充足,也会减少裂果的发生。
果树缺钾肥时,易造成果皮变薄,另外钾肥对膨果上色增甜方面也有很大的促进作用。
在果树的生长期内氮肥如果过多是,则会容易造成果实的肩部裂果。

那有哪些预防措施可以减少裂果发生呢?
1、简单点说,果园浇水时要均匀,不要让果园水量不均,还要时刻注意果园排水情况,时刻关注天气情况,如遇大雨时,对果园提前浇水,尽量减少突然大水的发生。
2、注意果树平衡施肥,秋季使用有机肥与中微量元素肥,开春配合其它肥料的施入,根据果树不同的生长时期补充含量不同的肥料,如果在果树膨果时期,选择能够促进果实自然膨大的高磷钾肥料,比如高磷钾水溶肥或冲施肥,水溶肥的吸收利用率会高,不会造成营养过多浪费。也可以叶面配合使用能够钙硼同补的硼钙叶面肥使用,建议多使用几次,这样会降低裂果几率的发生。
3、注意合理修剪枝条疏果疏穗,保持一定的果叶比,不造成果实过于挤压。
4、提前预防病虫害的发生,蓟马、绿盲蝽等及灰霉病、白粉病等病害需要提前打药预防,一旦发生就不容易治疗,如果病虫害出现抗性问题,可以选择能消除抗性的增效剂助剂使用,可以增强杀虫杀菌剂的药效,直达病根,杀死害虫。
西瓜裂果可分为田间裂果和采收期裂果。田间裂果,指在静止的状态下果皮爆裂;采收期裂果,指采收时震动引起裂果。西瓜裂果一般在花痕部分首先开裂。
原因
①土壤水分发生骤变。在果实发育某一阶段,如果土壤水分少,果实发育受阻,突然遇雨或大量浇水,土壤水分剧增,果实迅速膨大而造成裂果。②果实发育初期因低温发育缓慢,之后突然迅速膨大而引起裂果。③换气不当或夜间低温,导致果皮硬化,易引起裂果。④植株生长过旺易引起裂果。⑤坐瓜灵使用浓度不正确易发生裂果。⑥裂果与品种有关。果皮薄、质脆的品种易裂果。小果型品种皮薄,亦易裂果。
防治方法
①肥水要均匀,防止土壤水分突然变化。②做好夜间覆盖保温,防止夜间低温。③小果型品种应采取不整枝或4~5蔓整枝。④增施钾肥,提高果皮韧性。⑤傍晚时采收,可以减少裂果。⑥正确使用坐瓜灵,注意其使用温度和浓度。
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