五胡乱华时期民族英雄—冉闵请问却有此人吗?为什么很多历史文献中都没有记载
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1 冉闵杀胡考 冉闵是十六国时期的一个历史人物。他建立了一个短命的政权魏(350-352),一般称为冉魏。冉闵以349年颁行的杀胡令而广为人知。目前在网上广为流传的对冉闵的过高评价中,存在一些诸如篡改史料和隐藏不利证据等问题。这样描述出的人物与真实的冉闵有很大出入。本文从冉瞻冉闵父子史料的考证,杀胡令的考证,冉闵在胡汉之间的摇摆,冉闵与东晋的关系,及冉闵与同时代其他历史人物的比较五个方面对冉闵及杀胡令的史料进行了考证和分析。 1、关于冉瞻冉闵父子的考证 网上拔高冉闵的文章,将他描述为“十一二岁亲人死尽后忍辱负重二十载,最终手刃仇敌,为所有亲人和天下汉人报国仇雪家恨”的形象。这里涉及到史料中一处矛盾的记载。在《资治通鉴》卷第九十六中称, “………惟游击将军石闵一军独全。闵名瞻,内黄人,本姓冉,赵主勒破陈午,获之,命虎养以为子。闵骁勇善战,多策略。虎爱之,比于诸孙。” 按照这个说法,石闵就是石瞻。但是在《资治通鉴卷第九十四》里则称: “(328年,刘曜)与虎战,大破之,斩石瞻。” 如果328年石瞻就已经被匈奴人刘曜阵斩。那么338年“一军独全”的就不可能是同一个人。而且这里的记载也不合人之常情:如果石闵是石勒交给石虎抚养的孩子,而且石虎本人也喜爱这个孩子的话,那么合理的举动应当是把这个养子像亲生儿子一样养。没道理为了表示喜爱而把养子降一辈当孙子对待。《资治通鉴》成书于宋,这个矛盾的记载很可能是年代久远、记录错乱造成的。在成书于唐初的《晋书》里就没有这个矛盾。《晋书载记第七》记载: “闵字永曾,小字棘奴,季龙之养孙也。父瞻,字弘武,本姓冉,名良,魏郡内黄人也。………勒破陈午,获瞻,时年十二,命季龙子之。骁猛多力,攻战无前。历位左积射将军、西华侯。闵幼而果锐,季龙抚之如孙。………季龙之败于昌黎,闵军独全,由此功名大显。” 这样我们可以归纳出事情的来龙去脉:被石勒俘虏的是十二岁的冉良。石勒命石虎收冉良为义子,改其名为石瞻。石瞻成年后有子石闵,深得石虎喜爱,“抚之如孙”。 一个仍然存在的问题是,石勒破陈午是在310年,此时的石勒36岁,石虎只有15岁,让一个15岁的人给12岁的孩子作义父有点不合情理。深入的考证只好等以后了。 网上有的文章说冉闵从来没有和汉人武装打过仗。事实上,冉闵父子在后赵军中时,都有过和东晋交手的记录,而且攻城拔地,颇有战功,没有手下留情的迹象。 关于冉闵父子在后赵军中的攻战事略散见于各篇记载,兹整理如下: (324年)春正月,勒将兵都尉石瞻寇下邳,败晋将军刘长,遂寇兰陵,又败彭城内史刘续。(《晋书 载记第五》) (325年)夏四月,后赵将石瞻攻晋兖州刺史檀斌于邹山,杀之。(《资治通鉴 卷第九十三》) (326年)十二月,石瞻攻河南太守王瞻于邾,拔之。彭城内史刘续复据兰陵石城,石瞻攻拔之。(《资治通鉴 卷第九十三》) (328年)七月,中山公石虎帅众四万……进攻蒲阪。赵主刘曜……自将中外精锐水陆诸军以救蒲阪;虎惧,引退。曜追之。八月,刘曜军追石虎军及于高候,与虎战,大破之,斩石瞻。(《资治通鉴 卷第九十四 》) (338年)五、六月,季龙之败于昌黎,闵军独全,由此功名大显。(《晋书 载记第六》) (339 年)八月,庾亮镇武昌,卒使毛宝、樊峻戍邾城。赵王虎恶之,以夔安为大都督,帅石鉴、石闵、李农、张貉、李菟等五将军、兵五万人寇荆、扬北鄙,二万骑攻邾城。毛宝求救于庾亮,亮以城固,不时遣兵。九月,石闵败晋兵于沔阴,杀将军蔡怀;夔安、李农陷沔南;朱保败晋兵于白石,杀郑豹等五将军;张貉陷邾城,死者六千人,毛宝、樊峻突围出走,赴江溺死。夔安进据胡亭,寇江夏;义阳将军黄冲、义阳太守郑进皆降于赵。安进围石城,竟陵太守李阳拒战,破之,斩首五千馀级,安乃退。遂掠汉东,拥七千馀户迁于幽、冀。(《资治通鉴 卷第九十六》,《晋书 载记第六》)
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