^毛笔正确握笔姿势

2025-04-06 02:38:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、五指执笔法
“五指执笔法’是用右手五个手指全派上用场,用“按、压、钩、顶、抵”的方法把笔执稳,使手指各司其职。具体的握笔方法是:大拇指的第一书内侧按住笔杆靠身的一方,大拇指处于略水平的横向状态。食指的第一节或与第二节的关节处由外往里压住笔杆。中指紧挨着食指,钩住笔杆。无名指紧挨中指,用第一节指甲根部紧贴着笔杆顶住食指、中指往里压的力。小指抵住无名指的内下侧,帮上一点劲。这样形成五个手指力量均匀地围住笔的三个侧面,使笔固定,手心虚空。同样是五指执笔法,又因手格的张开和并拢、笔执在指尖处还是手指第二关节处而形成多种形式,古人称之为“凤眼”、“虎口”、“鹅头”等五指执笔的不同态势。
二、枕腕、悬腕与悬肘
枕腕 枕腕是执笔的手腕枕靠在桌面上或枕靠在左手背上书写的方法。也有采用一种叫“臂搁”的竹片来搁手的,一般用于夏天,因夏大容易出汗,手上的汗水容易将纸洇潮。用枕腕法书写毛笔字,因手腕靠在桌上手很平稳,适宜于写小楷或一寸见方的中楷,但也因手腕搁死了难于移动。如果再写大一些的字,就要用悬碗来书写。
悬腕 悬腕是执笔的手腕悬起,离开桌面,肘(Zhou,上臂与前臂相连的、突出且可活动的部位)臂仍靠在桌上的书写方法。这种方法,手腕活动范围比枕腕法大一些,臂和肘关节还是靠在桌上,仍然比较平稳,可写二三寸大小的大楷字。如果写对联或擘窠大字,就要用悬肘法来书写。
悬肘 悬肘是执笔的手臂全部悬空来书写毛笔字的方法。这种方法因手臂不靠在桌上,没有一点妨碍,可以任意挥洒,不管写大字、小字都很适宜,是最佳的书写方式,也是书法家普遍采用的方法。宋代的大书法家米蒂,连写小楷字都用悬肘法来写,可见他功力有多深。当然初学者没有必要这样做。
我们练毛笔字,在起步阶段时,因对毛笔的性能一点也不熟悉,可先用悬腕法写二三寸见方的楷书,经过一段时间的练习,对笔法稍有把握以后,手也慢慢听使唤了,可采用悬肘法来练习。当然,突然将手臂全部悬空,一上来有一定的困难,手会酸麻、疼痛,只要坚持便会解决。快则一个星期,慢则一个月。如果开始阶段就怕疼,或者看看写的字还没有原来枕腕时写得好,仍把手臂放回到桌面上,那很可能一辈子手臂都悬不起来。
清代有个书法家,他就因没能过悬肘关,写毛笔字时手腕总是枕江在桌面上,写大字没法进行,于是在屋梁上悬挂一根绳子,结成绳圈,将执笔的手套在圈里书写。可见不能悬肘是件很麻烦事。
三、执笔的高低与松紧
执笔的高低是指执笔的手指(无名指)与笔头之间的距离,距离长就是执得高,反之,距离短就是执得低。执得高,手执在笔杆的中部或尾部,书写时手腕或手指移动一分,笔毫就会在纸上移动一寸,容易产生意mbwb2.png想不到的效果,结体也会奇趣横生,因此,这种方法有利于写行书和草书。但由于执笔高,手中之力传递到笔尖的距离远,笔画容易浮滑。相反,执笔低,笔力易于到达笔尖,笔圆较沉稳,有利于写篆书、隶书及楷书。当然这也不是绝对的,林散之先生写草书仍然低执笔,他并不依赖手指的拨动以求得草书结体出于意料之外的奇趣,而是靠手腕、手臂的协调动作追求笔画的沉着痛快。
初学者练正楷,执笔应该低一些(离笔根约1寸),使笔画稳健些。执笔高了,变化大,写楷书就不容易掌握。还有执笔的松紧问题。执得太紧,手太用劲就会颤抖且手指疼痛。执得太松,一点力也不用,笔就会掉下来。对于初学者来说,从未拿过毛笔,心理比较紧张,因此可适当放松些。当然,写字不是不用力,古人说“力在笔尖”,是要将力量通过执笔的手传递到笔尖上,不能停留在手臂或手指上。写字用的是巧力而不是死力。巧力来自久练,这就像骑自行车一样,会骑了,习惯成自

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