推荐回答(1个)
自1941年至1943年,历时32个月,张大千对敦煌壁画进行临幕,共完成壁画临摹作品共276幅。敦煌归来后,其绘画艺术全面升华至臻化境。此后的十余年里,张大千画了不少人物精品,其中最为突出者为菩萨造像作品。

此《临敦煌莫高窟唐人菩萨像》作于1944年,系张大千临敦煌壁画人物作品中代表作。画中观音像是典型的唐人审美产物,所谓“丰肉微骨”,最能反映盛唐仕女风貌和其时历史气息。而于艳丽设色中见其庄严宝相,却是张大千苦心经营之果。

此幅《观音造像》作于1942年,为大千人物造像转形期,早年古典娟秀的面相,渐加了风姿韵味的丰腴意态,表现于面貌和肢体动作上。而衣纹之处理及勇于用色,亦开展了大千仕女画的另一高峰。此画亦有别于其它敦煌画作,农历九月十九为观音诞,大千诚心于此日为观音造像,并特意落款敬题,足见他对作品的看重,大千曾作百日和尚,对佛学素有研习。

此幅作品创作于1942年,为张大千临摹莫高窟中唐代佛教观音像,与其来敦煌之前人物画风形成鲜明区别。来敦煌之前,张大千人物画为明清人之面貌,施线细谨,设色淡雅,人物为羸弱清高之态,该幅画作菩萨开相端庄安详;造型华贵高古,体态丰盈婀娜,比例恰当,法像庄严,运用白描法,线条劲健有力,刚中带柔,富有弹性,笔墨交待极为清晰,毫不含糊,格调清雅,尽具盛唐遗风。故而,该作为张大千临敦煌佛像绘画中的经典之作,极为难得。

《观音大士》作於1941年,画面人物神态安祥,与盛唐的造像形神兼备。从线条上看,该画线条清秀绝伦且刚劲有力。画人物、佛像、最重要的是线条,只有书画皆精的力,才能将线条勾画得如些精妙。大千诗、书、画皆长的功夫,以及在敦煌的实际体验和临摹,使他的线条运用更为成熟,更有张力,张大千对人物的设色十分讲究。张大千专门从西藏运来石青、石绿、朱砂等矿物质颜料用来临摹敦煌壁画、力求与敦煌的原作保持一致性。该画色泽鲜明富丽堂皇,从人物形象上看,唐人观世音菩萨体态丰满,配饰和衣著轻盈华丽。给人以一种太平、安乐、富贵之感。此作采用工笔重彩画法,画风清丽淡雅,设色取敦煌古彩,用色沉稳,晕淡勾染,皆得妙处,用笔遒劲飘逸,线条洒脱,表现出观音大士神态安闲妙法莲花之象。

《观世音菩萨》作于1946年的成都,正是张大千在敦煌临摹历代壁画返川后的佛像艺术精品。历经三年的壁画临摹,使其画风尤其是人物形象为之一变,深得古代壁画线描之空灵明快,赋色之辉煌灿烂,气度之高华超迈,笔力之丰厚浓重。他笔下的人物气息愈加高古,可谓达到了出神入化的地步。图中“观世音菩萨”极富敦煌石窟造像特点,尽具盛唐遗风,开相曼妙、端庄、安详、娴静;造型雍容、华贵、高古;色彩浓艳、雅致、鲜靓;线条端穆、精妙,格调清雅,皆为前人所未能梦见,一洗近世画坛流滑孱弱之习气。开卷观之,“五百年来一大千”独具的富贵气象扑面而来,让人自当顶礼膜拜。

这是张大千临摹敦煌壁画中最精美、最有代表性的作品,与国家一级文物四川省博收藏的《初唐观音图》很相似。张大千临摹的276幅敦煌壁画,目前有70多幅保存在台北故宫博物院,180多幅保存在四川省博物馆,这批画是上世纪60年代初张大千家人捐赠的,同时捐献的还有上百幅临摹壁画手稿。张大千临摹敦煌壁画是他艺术道路上最重要的转折点,长达2年7个月的临摹,影响了张大千中、晚期的画风,也奠定他作为一代大师的基础,同时他也找到了开拓中国画新境界的突破口。

《临敦煌漠高窟唐人观世音造像》作于1948年12月,画面人物栩栩如生,神态安详。从线条上看,该画线条和谐且刚劲有力,劲秀绝伦。该画色泽鲜亮,富丽堂皇,卓显唐代的昌盛。从人物形象上看,唐人观世音菩萨体态丰满,配饰和衣着轻盈华丽,神态安详。这又是和唐朝的昌盛息息相关。在敦煌壁画里,唐朝的人物和北魏的清瘦之相形成鲜明对比,由此可见,太平盛世让人们生活富足,安居乐业。该画给人一种太平、安乐之感。

此幅《观音菩萨像》为张氏佛像绘画的代表风格。张氏敦煌深造归来。临摹敦煌佛教壁画,大有心得,仕女画风格一改前观之际。去敦煌之前,张氏的仕女、佛像画风格遵循清代之一贯风格,人物瓜子开脸,溜肩,笔头间以孱弱病态为美。去敦煌面壁之后,画风一改清代仕女画孱弱之风,人物开脸趋近于敦煌壁画风格,细眼窄眉,圆脸丰腰,开创了仕女画的先河。此作表现了张氏四十年代仕女画的代表风格,是为佳作。
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