现代广告具有什么特点?

2025-04-01 13:21:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、广告是一种有目的、有计划的信息传播手段
广告必须与市场营销活动相结合,并以说服消费者购买所宣传的商品或享用所宣传的服务力最终目的。简而言之,广告是一种推销商品、获得盈利为最终目标的商业行为。广告向目标消费者展示商品的性质、质量、功用、优点,进而打动和说服消费者,影响和改变消费者的观念和行为,最后达到做广告企业的商品被推销出去的目的。广告与一般的促销活动不一样,促销是卖主直接向买主展示商品,与消费者发生面对面的交流,而广告则是通过媒体向消费者做说服工作。它说服的结果,自然是使商品最终销售出去。广告提供的所有信息,对公众来说应该是有价值的,即能起到传播信息、引导消费、满足消费者需求的作用。
二、从企业经营的角度看,广告是一种投资活动
前面说过广告是一种有目的、有计划的信息传播手段。同时广告宣传也必须付出一定经济代价,并有特定传播媒体物和公开的宣传工具。企业为了达到一定的目的并期望有一定回报所投入的资金,常常被视为投资。例如,机器、厂房、仓库设施等均被视为投资,其价值随着存在时间延长将按一定比例折旧。而投入到广告活动的资金,并不能全部产生即时销售效果,因此,大多数广告主只好将广告费用当作费用支出开列。随着现代广告观念的形成和发展,已经有越来越多的人认为广告活动应该被视为企业投资行为。
从创造价值的角度看,广告的投资效应一般通过两个方面来体现,一是广告的消费价值,它取决于广告的消费效应,即消费者接受广告信息,对广告产生认同感并积极地购买;另一方面是广告的生产价值,它取决于广告消费价值的实现。广告只有首先满足消费者需要才能实现广告的目标推销与盈利。尤其对于商品广告而言,只有商品销售的实现,才能实现再生产的目的。如果将广告活动视为投资,那么,对广告的要求及看法自然都会改变。从投资的角度看,广告应该将追求长远利益与眼前利益结合起来,广告是一种着眼于未来的行为,既有一定的风险性,又有一定的可预测性。
三、广告是一种沟通过程
沟通,就是信息发出者与接收者之间进行信息传递与思想交流,以求达到某种共识。因此,沟通是一种双向活动,而不仅仅是一方对另一方的单向影响过程。广告是一种双向沟通,是因为广告主将广告信息通过大众媒体传递给目标消费者,以求说服、诱导消费者购买广告商品。只有当目标消费者接受了广告信息,即认为广告信息是真实和可信的,并同意广告所传递的观点时,广告信息才能发挥作用,从而实现广告沟通过程。广告中的沟通有别于面对面的人际沟通。首先,广告是通过电视、报纸等大众传播媒体进行的一种沟通活动;其次,广告沟通对象是具有同一需要或同一特性的一群消费者,而不是个别消费者;再次,广告不仅仅是一般性沟通,而是一种带有说服性的沟通。广告目的在于影响消费者的品牌态度与购买行为,引导、说服消费者购买广告中所宣传的商品。然而,影响人的态度与行为是一项极其复杂、艰巨的任务,要完成这一任务,不仅要使目标消费者能够接收到广告信息,还必须采取一定的说服手段,使目标消费者能够接受广告信息,最终购买广告中所宣传的商品。

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